How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway
Wearable sensors facilitate the evaluation of gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment, often with observation periods spanning weeks, months, and even years. Data supporting the minimal duration of sensor wear, which is necessary to capture representative variability in impairment...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6982 |
| _version_ | 1797482499294625792 |
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| author | Brett M. Meyer Paolo Depetrillo Jaime Franco Nicole Donahue Samantha R. Fox Aisling O’Leary Bryn C. Loftness Reed D. Gurchiek Maura Buckley Andrew J. Solomon Sau Kuen Ng Nick Cheney Melissa Ceruolo Ryan S. McGinnis |
| author_facet | Brett M. Meyer Paolo Depetrillo Jaime Franco Nicole Donahue Samantha R. Fox Aisling O’Leary Bryn C. Loftness Reed D. Gurchiek Maura Buckley Andrew J. Solomon Sau Kuen Ng Nick Cheney Melissa Ceruolo Ryan S. McGinnis |
| author_sort | Brett M. Meyer |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Wearable sensors facilitate the evaluation of gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment, often with observation periods spanning weeks, months, and even years. Data supporting the minimal duration of sensor wear, which is necessary to capture representative variability in impairment measures, are needed to balance patient burden, data quality, and study cost. Prior investigations have examined the duration required for resolving a variety of movement variables (e.g., gait speed, sit-to-stand tests), but these studies use differing methodologies and have only examined a small subset of potential measures of gait and balance impairment. Notably, postural sway measures have not yet been considered in these analyses. Here, we propose a three-level framework for examining this problem. Difference testing and intra-class correlations (ICC) are used to examine the agreement in features computed from potential wear durations (levels one and two). The association between features and established patient reported outcomes at each wear duration is also considered (level three) for determining the necessary wear duration. Utilizing wearable accelerometer data continuously collected from 22 persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) for 6 weeks, this framework suggests that 2 to 3 days of monitoring may be sufficient to capture most of the variability in gait and sway; however, longer periods (e.g., 3 to 6 days) may be needed to establish strong correlations to patient-reported clinical measures. Regression analysis indicates that the required wear duration depends on both the observation frequency and variability of the measure being considered. This approach provides a framework for evaluating wear duration as one aspect of the comprehensive assessment, which is necessary to ensure that wearable sensor-based methods for capturing gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment are fit for purpose. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:34:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf31a44e5ddc47b2a7ffd5ca99515daa |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:34:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf31a44e5ddc47b2a7ffd5ca99515daa2023-11-23T18:52:48ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-09-012218698210.3390/s22186982How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural SwayBrett M. Meyer0Paolo Depetrillo1Jaime Franco2Nicole Donahue3Samantha R. Fox4Aisling O’Leary5Bryn C. Loftness6Reed D. Gurchiek7Maura Buckley8Andrew J. Solomon9Sau Kuen Ng10Nick Cheney11Melissa Ceruolo12Ryan S. McGinnis13M-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAMedidata Solutions, A Dassault Systèmes Company, New York, NY 10014, USAMedidata Solutions, A Dassault Systèmes Company, New York, NY 10014, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USADepartment of Bioengineering, Stanford University, Stanford, CA 94305, USAMedidata Solutions, A Dassault Systèmes Company, New York, NY 10014, USADepartment of Neurological Sciences, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAMedidata Solutions, A Dassault Systèmes Company, New York, NY 10014, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAMedidata Solutions, A Dassault Systèmes Company, New York, NY 10014, USAM-Sense Research Group, University of Vermont, Burlington, VT 05405, USAWearable sensors facilitate the evaluation of gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment, often with observation periods spanning weeks, months, and even years. Data supporting the minimal duration of sensor wear, which is necessary to capture representative variability in impairment measures, are needed to balance patient burden, data quality, and study cost. Prior investigations have examined the duration required for resolving a variety of movement variables (e.g., gait speed, sit-to-stand tests), but these studies use differing methodologies and have only examined a small subset of potential measures of gait and balance impairment. Notably, postural sway measures have not yet been considered in these analyses. Here, we propose a three-level framework for examining this problem. Difference testing and intra-class correlations (ICC) are used to examine the agreement in features computed from potential wear durations (levels one and two). The association between features and established patient reported outcomes at each wear duration is also considered (level three) for determining the necessary wear duration. Utilizing wearable accelerometer data continuously collected from 22 persons with multiple sclerosis (PwMS) for 6 weeks, this framework suggests that 2 to 3 days of monitoring may be sufficient to capture most of the variability in gait and sway; however, longer periods (e.g., 3 to 6 days) may be needed to establish strong correlations to patient-reported clinical measures. Regression analysis indicates that the required wear duration depends on both the observation frequency and variability of the measure being considered. This approach provides a framework for evaluating wear duration as one aspect of the comprehensive assessment, which is necessary to ensure that wearable sensor-based methods for capturing gait and balance impairment in the free-living environment are fit for purpose.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6982wearable sensorsremote monitoringgaitpostural swayneurological disorders |
| spellingShingle | Brett M. Meyer Paolo Depetrillo Jaime Franco Nicole Donahue Samantha R. Fox Aisling O’Leary Bryn C. Loftness Reed D. Gurchiek Maura Buckley Andrew J. Solomon Sau Kuen Ng Nick Cheney Melissa Ceruolo Ryan S. McGinnis How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway Sensors wearable sensors remote monitoring gait postural sway neurological disorders |
| title | How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway |
| title_full | How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway |
| title_fullStr | How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway |
| title_full_unstemmed | How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway |
| title_short | How Much Data Is Enough? A Reliable Methodology to Examine Long-Term Wearable Data Acquisition in Gait and Postural Sway |
| title_sort | how much data is enough a reliable methodology to examine long term wearable data acquisition in gait and postural sway |
| topic | wearable sensors remote monitoring gait postural sway neurological disorders |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/18/6982 |
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