Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>
<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the major pathogens responsible for antimicrobial resistance-associated death. <i>S. aureus</i> can secrete various exotoxins, and staphylococcal biofilms play critical roles in antibiotic tolerance and the persistence of chronic infecti...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10683 |
| _version_ | 1797487199139135488 |
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| author | Sanghun Kim Jin-Hyung Lee Yong-Guy Kim Yulong Tan Jintae Lee |
| author_facet | Sanghun Kim Jin-Hyung Lee Yong-Guy Kim Yulong Tan Jintae Lee |
| author_sort | Sanghun Kim |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the major pathogens responsible for antimicrobial resistance-associated death. <i>S. aureus</i> can secrete various exotoxins, and staphylococcal biofilms play critical roles in antibiotic tolerance and the persistence of chronic infections. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 18 hydroquinones on biofilm formation and virulence factor production by <i>S. aureus</i>. It was found that 2,5-bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) hydroquinone (TBHQ) at 1 µg/mL efficiently inhibits biofilm formation by two methicillin-sensitive and two methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains with MICs of 5 µg/mL, whereas the backbone compound hydroquinone did not (MIC > 400 µg/mL). In addition, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone and <i>tert</i>-butylhydroquinone at 50 µg/mL also exhibited antibiofilm activity. TBHQ at 1 µg/mL significantly decreased the hemolytic effect and lipase production by <i>S. aureus</i>, and at 5–50 µg/mL was non-toxic to the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and did not adversely affect <i>Brassica rapa</i> seed germination or growth. Transcriptional analyses showed that TBHQ suppressed the expression of <i>RNAIII</i> (effector of quorum sensing). These results suggest that hydroquinones, particularly TBHQ, are potentially useful for inhibiting <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation and virulence. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:11Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf3d914bd71942dfb31e500a37b7d68d |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T23:45:11Z |
| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf3d914bd71942dfb31e500a37b7d68d2023-11-23T16:46:16ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672022-09-0123181068310.3390/ijms231810683Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i>Sanghun Kim0Jin-Hyung Lee1Yong-Guy Kim2Yulong Tan3Jintae Lee4School of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, KoreaSpecial Food Research Institute, Qingdao Agricultural University, Qingdao 266109, ChinaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Korea<i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> is one of the major pathogens responsible for antimicrobial resistance-associated death. <i>S. aureus</i> can secrete various exotoxins, and staphylococcal biofilms play critical roles in antibiotic tolerance and the persistence of chronic infections. Here, we investigated the inhibitory effects of 18 hydroquinones on biofilm formation and virulence factor production by <i>S. aureus</i>. It was found that 2,5-bis(1,1,3,3-tetramethylbutyl) hydroquinone (TBHQ) at 1 µg/mL efficiently inhibits biofilm formation by two methicillin-sensitive and two methicillin-resistant <i>S. aureus</i> strains with MICs of 5 µg/mL, whereas the backbone compound hydroquinone did not (MIC > 400 µg/mL). In addition, 2,3-dimethylhydroquinone and <i>tert</i>-butylhydroquinone at 50 µg/mL also exhibited antibiofilm activity. TBHQ at 1 µg/mL significantly decreased the hemolytic effect and lipase production by <i>S. aureus</i>, and at 5–50 µg/mL was non-toxic to the nematode <i>Caenorhabditis elegans</i> and did not adversely affect <i>Brassica rapa</i> seed germination or growth. Transcriptional analyses showed that TBHQ suppressed the expression of <i>RNAIII</i> (effector of quorum sensing). These results suggest that hydroquinones, particularly TBHQ, are potentially useful for inhibiting <i>S. aureus</i> biofilm formation and virulence.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10683biofilmshydroquinones<i>RNAIII</i><i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i>virulence factors |
| spellingShingle | Sanghun Kim Jin-Hyung Lee Yong-Guy Kim Yulong Tan Jintae Lee Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> International Journal of Molecular Sciences biofilms hydroquinones <i>RNAIII</i> <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> virulence factors |
| title | Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full | Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_fullStr | Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_full_unstemmed | Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_short | Hydroquinones Inhibit Biofilm Formation and Virulence Factor Production in <i>Staphylococcus aureus</i> |
| title_sort | hydroquinones inhibit biofilm formation and virulence factor production in i staphylococcus aureus i |
| topic | biofilms hydroquinones <i>RNAIII</i> <i>Staphylococcus</i> <i>aureus</i> virulence factors |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/23/18/10683 |
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