Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response
The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of different human disorders, including atherosclerosis. ER stress leads to disturbance of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and in the case of macrophages, to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-07-01
|
| Series: | Biomedicines |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/210 |
| _version_ | 1797562563011018752 |
|---|---|
| author | Vasily N. Sukhorukov Victoria A. Khotina Mariam Bagheri Ekta Ekaterina A. Ivanova Igor A. Sobenin Alexander N. Orekhov |
| author_facet | Vasily N. Sukhorukov Victoria A. Khotina Mariam Bagheri Ekta Ekaterina A. Ivanova Igor A. Sobenin Alexander N. Orekhov |
| author_sort | Vasily N. Sukhorukov |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of different human disorders, including atherosclerosis. ER stress leads to disturbance of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and in the case of macrophages, to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In atherosclerosis, several cell types can be affected by ER stress, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscular cells, and macrophages. Modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and cytokines, in turn, can provoke ER stress through different processes. The signaling cascades involved in ER stress initiation are complex and linked to other cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and functioning, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and energy production. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response. We will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:30:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf3e4fae8ac043a299236f76a80f7bf6 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2227-9059 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T18:30:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biomedicines |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf3e4fae8ac043a299236f76a80f7bf62023-11-20T06:40:00ZengMDPI AGBiomedicines2227-90592020-07-018721010.3390/biomedicines8070210Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory ResponseVasily N. Sukhorukov0Victoria A. Khotina1Mariam Bagheri Ekta2Ekaterina A. Ivanova3Igor A. Sobenin4Alexander N. Orekhov5Research Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, RussiaResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, RussiaResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, RussiaInstitute for Atherosclerosis Research, Skolkovo Innovative Center, 121609 Moscow, RussiaResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, RussiaResearch Institute of Human Morphology, Laboratory of Cellular and Molecular Pathology of Cardiovascular System, 3 Tsyurupy Str., 117418 Moscow, RussiaThe endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress is an important event in the pathogenesis of different human disorders, including atherosclerosis. ER stress leads to disturbance of cellular homeostasis, apoptosis, and in the case of macrophages, to foam cell formation and pro-inflammatory cytokines production. In atherosclerosis, several cell types can be affected by ER stress, including endothelial cells, vascular smooth muscular cells, and macrophages. Modified low-density lipoproteins (LDL) and cytokines, in turn, can provoke ER stress through different processes. The signaling cascades involved in ER stress initiation are complex and linked to other cellular processes, such as lysosomal biogenesis and functioning, autophagy, mitochondrial homeostasis, and energy production. In this review, we discuss the underlying mechanisms of ER stress formation and the interplay of lipid accumulation and pro-inflammatory response. We will specifically focus on macrophages, which are the key players in maintaining chronic inflammatory milieu in atherosclerotic lesions, and also a major source of lipid-accumulating foam cells.https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/210atherosclerosisendoplasmic reticulum stressmacrophagespro-inflammatory responsefoam cells |
| spellingShingle | Vasily N. Sukhorukov Victoria A. Khotina Mariam Bagheri Ekta Ekaterina A. Ivanova Igor A. Sobenin Alexander N. Orekhov Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response Biomedicines atherosclerosis endoplasmic reticulum stress macrophages pro-inflammatory response foam cells |
| title | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response |
| title_full | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response |
| title_fullStr | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response |
| title_full_unstemmed | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response |
| title_short | Endoplasmic Reticulum Stress in Macrophages: The Vicious Circle of Lipid Accumulation and Pro-Inflammatory Response |
| title_sort | endoplasmic reticulum stress in macrophages the vicious circle of lipid accumulation and pro inflammatory response |
| topic | atherosclerosis endoplasmic reticulum stress macrophages pro-inflammatory response foam cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2227-9059/8/7/210 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasilynsukhorukov endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse AT victoriaakhotina endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse AT mariambagheriekta endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse AT ekaterinaaivanova endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse AT igorasobenin endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse AT alexandernorekhov endoplasmicreticulumstressinmacrophagestheviciouscircleoflipidaccumulationandproinflammatoryresponse |