Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells
A global increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes and digestive tract disorders, like food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has become a severe problem in the modern world. Recent decades have brought a growing body of evidence that links the gut microbiome’s complexity with hos...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2020-10-01
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| Series: | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7740 |
| _version_ | 1797550485287206912 |
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| author | Lukasz Wojciech Kevin S. W. Tan Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne |
| author_facet | Lukasz Wojciech Kevin S. W. Tan Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne |
| author_sort | Lukasz Wojciech |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | A global increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes and digestive tract disorders, like food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has become a severe problem in the modern world. Recent decades have brought a growing body of evidence that links the gut microbiome’s complexity with host physiology. Hence, understanding the mechanistic aspects underlying the synergy between the host and its associated gut microbiome are among the most crucial questions. The functionally diversified adaptive immune system plays a central role in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. The character of the reciprocal interactions between immune components and host-dwelling microbes or microbial consortia determines the outcome of the organisms’ coexistence within the holobiont structure. It has become apparent that metabolic by-products of the microbiome constitute crucial multimodal transmitters within the host–microbiome interactome and, as such, contribute to immune homeostasis by fine-tuning of the adaptive arm of immune system. In this review, we will present recent insights and discoveries regarding the broad landscape of microbiome-derived metabolites, highlighting the role of these small compounds in the context of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms orchestrated by the host T cell compartment. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:29:58Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf5f9eae075b4960bdd69efa8e432a2e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1661-6596 1422-0067 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T15:29:58Z |
| publishDate | 2020-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | International Journal of Molecular Sciences |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf5f9eae075b4960bdd69efa8e432a2e2023-11-20T17:44:10ZengMDPI AGInternational Journal of Molecular Sciences1661-65961422-00672020-10-012120774010.3390/ijms21207740Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T CellsLukasz Wojciech0Kevin S. W. Tan1Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne2Immunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, SingaporeLaboratory of Molecular and Cellular Parasitology, Healthy Longevity Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, SingaporeImmunology Programme and Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Yong Loo Lin School of Medicine, National University of Singapore, 5 Science Drive 2, Singapore 117545, SingaporeA global increase in the prevalence of metabolic syndromes and digestive tract disorders, like food allergy or inflammatory bowel disease (IBD), has become a severe problem in the modern world. Recent decades have brought a growing body of evidence that links the gut microbiome’s complexity with host physiology. Hence, understanding the mechanistic aspects underlying the synergy between the host and its associated gut microbiome are among the most crucial questions. The functionally diversified adaptive immune system plays a central role in maintaining gut and systemic immune homeostasis. The character of the reciprocal interactions between immune components and host-dwelling microbes or microbial consortia determines the outcome of the organisms’ coexistence within the holobiont structure. It has become apparent that metabolic by-products of the microbiome constitute crucial multimodal transmitters within the host–microbiome interactome and, as such, contribute to immune homeostasis by fine-tuning of the adaptive arm of immune system. In this review, we will present recent insights and discoveries regarding the broad landscape of microbiome-derived metabolites, highlighting the role of these small compounds in the context of the balance between pro- and anti-inflammatory mechanisms orchestrated by the host T cell compartment.https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7740microbiomemetabolitesmetabolomeT cellsT regulatory cellsTh17 helper cells |
| spellingShingle | Lukasz Wojciech Kevin S. W. Tan Nicholas R. J. Gascoigne Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells International Journal of Molecular Sciences microbiome metabolites metabolome T cells T regulatory cells Th17 helper cells |
| title | Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells |
| title_full | Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells |
| title_fullStr | Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells |
| title_short | Taming the Sentinels: Microbiome-Derived Metabolites and Polarization of T Cells |
| title_sort | taming the sentinels microbiome derived metabolites and polarization of t cells |
| topic | microbiome metabolites metabolome T cells T regulatory cells Th17 helper cells |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1422-0067/21/20/7740 |
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