| Summary: | The set of decomposing organic material in the soil of terrestrial ecosystems, related to environmental factors, such as temperature and humidity, provide a favorable environment that shelters more than half of the known ant species. Thus, the species richness of the ants in the litter was evaluated, in two environments, through frequency and leaf morphotype. The study was carried out in two distinct tracks in the Ilha Grande, RJ. Three types of bait (sardine, sugar solution and biscuit) were arranged along two tracks along the tracks, which were collected after 30 minutes of exposure. It was observed that the richness of ants is directly correlated to the richness of plant species. The two trails showed differences for both factors, corroborating the idea that a more heterogeneous litter houses more species richness.
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