Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes
As a widely used herbicide, atrazine and its two main metabolites of deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) pose an exposure risk for both human beings and animals in the environment. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was selected as an in vivo model to compare the toxicity between...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323008448 |
| _version_ | 1827816202750132224 |
|---|---|
| author | Rong Zhou Yue Yu Huan Miao Na Zhao Yuanqing Bu Houhu Zhang |
| author_facet | Rong Zhou Yue Yu Huan Miao Na Zhao Yuanqing Bu Houhu Zhang |
| author_sort | Rong Zhou |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | As a widely used herbicide, atrazine and its two main metabolites of deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) pose an exposure risk for both human beings and animals in the environment. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was selected as an in vivo model to compare the toxicity between atrazine and its main metabolites. Upon exposure from the larval stage L1 to adult day 3, both DEA and DIA showed less toxicity on locomotion and reproduction compared with atrazine at concentration of 0.001, 0.01 0.1 and 1 mg/L for parental generation. In addition, exposure to DEA and DIA at concentration of 0.1 mg/L also induced less transgenerational toxicity on locomotion than exposure to atrazine for both parental generation and offspring of F1–F4. Accordingly, exposure to DEA and DIA caused less ROS production and alteration in the expression of some genes (mev-1, gas-1, and clk-1) governing oxidative stress compared to atrazine. Meanwhile, DEA and DIA lead to less increase in expression of superoxide dismutase genes (sod-2 and sod-3) and SOD-3::GFP than atrazine. Moreover, atrazine and its two main metabolites differentially activated the daf-16 encoding FOXO transcriptional factor in insulin signaling pathway during the control of downstream target of SOD-3. Overall, our results highlighted the important role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals in mediating toxicity of atrazine, DEA and DIA, which provided a novel explanation for the different toxicity between atrazine and its main metabolites. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf68511b43934e2c832f2b2dd2c9e30f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0147-6513 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T00:11:29Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf68511b43934e2c832f2b2dd2c9e30f2023-09-16T05:28:30ZengElsevierEcotoxicology and Environmental Safety0147-65132023-09-01263115340Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodesRong Zhou0Yue Yu1Huan Miao2Na Zhao3Yuanqing Bu4Houhu Zhang5Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; College of Forestry, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing 210037, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; College of Oceanography, Hohai University, Nanjing 210024, ChinaNanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment Technology, Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology, Nanjing 210044, China; Corresponding authors.Nanjing Institute of Environmental Science, Ministry of Ecology and Environment, Nanjing 210042, China; Corresponding authors.As a widely used herbicide, atrazine and its two main metabolites of deethylatrazine (DEA) and deisopropylatrazine (DIA) pose an exposure risk for both human beings and animals in the environment. In this study, Caenorhabditis elegans was selected as an in vivo model to compare the toxicity between atrazine and its main metabolites. Upon exposure from the larval stage L1 to adult day 3, both DEA and DIA showed less toxicity on locomotion and reproduction compared with atrazine at concentration of 0.001, 0.01 0.1 and 1 mg/L for parental generation. In addition, exposure to DEA and DIA at concentration of 0.1 mg/L also induced less transgenerational toxicity on locomotion than exposure to atrazine for both parental generation and offspring of F1–F4. Accordingly, exposure to DEA and DIA caused less ROS production and alteration in the expression of some genes (mev-1, gas-1, and clk-1) governing oxidative stress compared to atrazine. Meanwhile, DEA and DIA lead to less increase in expression of superoxide dismutase genes (sod-2 and sod-3) and SOD-3::GFP than atrazine. Moreover, atrazine and its two main metabolites differentially activated the daf-16 encoding FOXO transcriptional factor in insulin signaling pathway during the control of downstream target of SOD-3. Overall, our results highlighted the important role of oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals in mediating toxicity of atrazine, DEA and DIA, which provided a novel explanation for the different toxicity between atrazine and its main metabolites.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323008448ToxicityAtrazineMetaboliteOxidative stressCaenorhabditis elegans |
| spellingShingle | Rong Zhou Yue Yu Huan Miao Na Zhao Yuanqing Bu Houhu Zhang Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes Ecotoxicology and Environmental Safety Toxicity Atrazine Metabolite Oxidative stress Caenorhabditis elegans |
| title | Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| title_full | Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| title_fullStr | Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| title_short | Contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti-oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| title_sort | contribution of differential alteration in oxidative stress and anti oxidation related molecular signals to toxicity difference between atrazine and its main metabolites in nematodes |
| topic | Toxicity Atrazine Metabolite Oxidative stress Caenorhabditis elegans |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S0147651323008448 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT rongzhou contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes AT yueyu contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes AT huanmiao contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes AT nazhao contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes AT yuanqingbu contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes AT houhuzhang contributionofdifferentialalterationinoxidativestressandantioxidationrelatedmolecularsignalstotoxicitydifferencebetweenatrazineanditsmainmetabolitesinnematodes |