Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review
Biodegradable alloys and especially magnesium-based alloys are considered by many researchers as materials to be used in medicine due to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Biodegradable magnesium-based materials have applications in the medical field and in particular in obt...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-10-01
|
| Series: | Crystals |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1468 |
| _version_ | 1827650843257602048 |
|---|---|
| author | Bogdan Istrate Corneliu Munteanu Iulian-Vasile Antoniac Ștefan-Constantin Lupescu |
| author_facet | Bogdan Istrate Corneliu Munteanu Iulian-Vasile Antoniac Ștefan-Constantin Lupescu |
| author_sort | Bogdan Istrate |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Biodegradable alloys and especially magnesium-based alloys are considered by many researchers as materials to be used in medicine due to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Biodegradable magnesium-based materials have applications in the medical field and in particular in obtaining implants for small bones of the feet and hands, ankles, or small joints. Studies have shown that Mg, Zn, and Ca are found in significant amounts in the human body and contribute effectively and efficiently to the healing process of bone tissue. Due to its biodegradability, magnesium alloys, including Mg–Ca–Zn alloys used in the manufacture of implants, do not require a second surgery, thus minimizing the trauma caused to the patient. Other studies have performed Mg–Ca–Zn system alloys with zinc variation between 0 and 8 wt.% and calcium variation up to 5 wt.%, showing high biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties, and Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca and Mg<sub>6</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Zn compounds in microstructure. Biocompatibility is an essential factor in the use of these materials, so that some investigations have shown a cell viability with values between 95% and 99% compared with the control in the case of Mg–0.2Ca–3Zn alloy. In vivo analyses also showed no adverse reactions, with minimal H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> release. The aim of this review includes aspects regarding microstructure analysis and the degradation mechanisms in a specific environment and highlights the biocompatibility between the rate of bone healing and alloy degradation due to rapid corrosion of the alloys. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:24:38Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf6f37b2532a476c9c24fe32fea84cec |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4352 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:24:38Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Crystals |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf6f37b2532a476c9c24fe32fea84cec2023-11-23T23:38:57ZengMDPI AGCrystals2073-43522022-10-011210146810.3390/cryst12101468Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—ReviewBogdan Istrate0Corneliu Munteanu1Iulian-Vasile Antoniac2Ștefan-Constantin Lupescu3Faculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 63 D Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Mechanical Engineering, “Gheorghe Asachi” Technical University of Iasi, 63 D Mangeron Blvd, 700050 Iasi, RomaniaFaculty of Materials Science & Engineering, Politehnica Univeristy of Bucuresti, 313 Splaiul Independentei, Dist 6, 060042 Bucharest, RomaniaDepartment of Mechanics and Technologies, Stefan cel Mare University of Suceava, 13 University Street, 720229 Suceava, RomaniaBiodegradable alloys and especially magnesium-based alloys are considered by many researchers as materials to be used in medicine due to their biocompatibility and excellent mechanical properties. Biodegradable magnesium-based materials have applications in the medical field and in particular in obtaining implants for small bones of the feet and hands, ankles, or small joints. Studies have shown that Mg, Zn, and Ca are found in significant amounts in the human body and contribute effectively and efficiently to the healing process of bone tissue. Due to its biodegradability, magnesium alloys, including Mg–Ca–Zn alloys used in the manufacture of implants, do not require a second surgery, thus minimizing the trauma caused to the patient. Other studies have performed Mg–Ca–Zn system alloys with zinc variation between 0 and 8 wt.% and calcium variation up to 5 wt.%, showing high biocompatibility, adequate mechanical properties, and Mg<sub>2</sub>Ca and Mg<sub>6</sub>Ca<sub>2</sub>Zn compounds in microstructure. Biocompatibility is an essential factor in the use of these materials, so that some investigations have shown a cell viability with values between 95% and 99% compared with the control in the case of Mg–0.2Ca–3Zn alloy. In vivo analyses also showed no adverse reactions, with minimal H<inline-formula><math xmlns="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" display="inline"><semantics><msub><mrow></mrow><mn>2</mn></msub></semantics></math></inline-formula> release. The aim of this review includes aspects regarding microstructure analysis and the degradation mechanisms in a specific environment and highlights the biocompatibility between the rate of bone healing and alloy degradation due to rapid corrosion of the alloys.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1468Mg–Ca–Zn biodegradable alloysmicrostructurecorrosionbiocompatibility |
| spellingShingle | Bogdan Istrate Corneliu Munteanu Iulian-Vasile Antoniac Ștefan-Constantin Lupescu Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review Crystals Mg–Ca–Zn biodegradable alloys microstructure corrosion biocompatibility |
| title | Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review |
| title_full | Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review |
| title_fullStr | Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review |
| title_short | Current Research Studies of Mg–Ca–Zn Biodegradable Alloys Used as Orthopedic Implants—Review |
| title_sort | current research studies of mg ca zn biodegradable alloys used as orthopedic implants review |
| topic | Mg–Ca–Zn biodegradable alloys microstructure corrosion biocompatibility |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4352/12/10/1468 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT bogdanistrate currentresearchstudiesofmgcaznbiodegradablealloysusedasorthopedicimplantsreview AT corneliumunteanu currentresearchstudiesofmgcaznbiodegradablealloysusedasorthopedicimplantsreview AT iulianvasileantoniac currentresearchstudiesofmgcaznbiodegradablealloysusedasorthopedicimplantsreview AT stefanconstantinlupescu currentresearchstudiesofmgcaznbiodegradablealloysusedasorthopedicimplantsreview |