Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China
We sampled 127 turfgrass soil samples from 33 golf courses in NC, EC, and SC for plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). PPNs were extracted from soil samples using the shallow dish method and were identified at the genus or species levels with a combination of morphological and molecular methods. The res...
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MDPI AG
2022-09-01
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| author | Yinglu Dong Peiyuan Jin Huangwei Zhang Jian Hu Kurt Lamour Zhimin Yang |
| author_facet | Yinglu Dong Peiyuan Jin Huangwei Zhang Jian Hu Kurt Lamour Zhimin Yang |
| author_sort | Yinglu Dong |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We sampled 127 turfgrass soil samples from 33 golf courses in NC, EC, and SC for plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). PPNs were extracted from soil samples using the shallow dish method and were identified at the genus or species levels with a combination of morphological and molecular methods. The results revealed 41 species of nematode belonging to 20 genera and 10 families. Nine genera are new records of PPNs associated with turfgrass in China. The PPNs show strong geographical distributions. Of the 20 genera, <i>Helicotylenchus</i>, <i>Paratrichodorus</i>, <i>Hoplolaimus</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i>, <i>Hemicriconemoides</i>, and <i>Mesocriconema</i> showed higher infestation and frequency, and most of these genera had numbers in soil samples above established damage thresholds. Four golf courses had soil samples with PPNs > 30%, indicating the potential for nematode damage. The biodiversity indices <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, <i>λ</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> showed significant differences among different regions and turfgrass species; <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> were significantly higher in EC than in NC and SC, while <i>λ</i> was lowest in EC. Creeping bentgrass had the highest <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> and the lowest <i>λ</i> in comparison with seashore paspalum and hybrid bermudagrass. These findings provide baseline information on the occurrence of turfgrass-associated PPNs in China, and have important implications for the effective management of PPNs causing damage on turfgrass. |
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| publishDate | 2022-09-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cf8754d54d124884b01347a4b41dfc6a2023-11-23T15:07:37ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-09-01119132210.3390/biology11091322Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in ChinaYinglu Dong0Peiyuan Jin1Huangwei Zhang2Jian Hu3Kurt Lamour4Zhimin Yang5College of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaCollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaDepartment of Entomology and Plant Pathology, University of Tennessee, Knoxville, TN 37996, USACollege of Agro-Grassland Science, Nanjing Agricultural University, Nanjing 210095, ChinaWe sampled 127 turfgrass soil samples from 33 golf courses in NC, EC, and SC for plant-parasitic nematodes (PPNs). PPNs were extracted from soil samples using the shallow dish method and were identified at the genus or species levels with a combination of morphological and molecular methods. The results revealed 41 species of nematode belonging to 20 genera and 10 families. Nine genera are new records of PPNs associated with turfgrass in China. The PPNs show strong geographical distributions. Of the 20 genera, <i>Helicotylenchus</i>, <i>Paratrichodorus</i>, <i>Hoplolaimus</i>, <i>Meloidogyne</i>, <i>Hemicriconemoides</i>, and <i>Mesocriconema</i> showed higher infestation and frequency, and most of these genera had numbers in soil samples above established damage thresholds. Four golf courses had soil samples with PPNs > 30%, indicating the potential for nematode damage. The biodiversity indices <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, <i>λ</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> showed significant differences among different regions and turfgrass species; <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> were significantly higher in EC than in NC and SC, while <i>λ</i> was lowest in EC. Creeping bentgrass had the highest <i>H’</i>, <i>SR</i>, <i>J’</i>, and <i>H<sub>2</sub></i> and the lowest <i>λ</i> in comparison with seashore paspalum and hybrid bermudagrass. These findings provide baseline information on the occurrence of turfgrass-associated PPNs in China, and have important implications for the effective management of PPNs causing damage on turfgrass.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/9/1322plant-parasitic nematodeturfgrassgolf coursedistributionprevalence |
| spellingShingle | Yinglu Dong Peiyuan Jin Huangwei Zhang Jian Hu Kurt Lamour Zhimin Yang Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China Biology plant-parasitic nematode turfgrass golf course distribution prevalence |
| title | Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China |
| title_full | Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China |
| title_fullStr | Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China |
| title_short | Distribution and Prevalence of Plant-Parasitic Nematodes of Turfgrass at Golf Courses in China |
| title_sort | distribution and prevalence of plant parasitic nematodes of turfgrass at golf courses in china |
| topic | plant-parasitic nematode turfgrass golf course distribution prevalence |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/11/9/1322 |
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