Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro
The contribution of different <i>Candida</i> species in oral fungal infections has stimulated the search for more effective therapies. This study assessed the antibiofilm effects of nanocarriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on <i>Candida</i> biofilms, and their cy...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-06-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/500 |
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| author | Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão Heitor Ceolin Araujo Laís Salomão Arias Wilmer Ramírez Carmona Gustavo Porangaba Miranda Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira Juliano Pelim Pessan Douglas Roberto Monteiro |
| author_facet | Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão Heitor Ceolin Araujo Laís Salomão Arias Wilmer Ramírez Carmona Gustavo Porangaba Miranda Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira Juliano Pelim Pessan Douglas Roberto Monteiro |
| author_sort | Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The contribution of different <i>Candida</i> species in oral fungal infections has stimulated the search for more effective therapies. This study assessed the antibiofilm effects of nanocarriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on <i>Candida</i> biofilms, and their cytotoxic effects on murine fibroblasts. Three-species biofilms (<i>Candida albicans/Candida glabrata/Candida tropicalis</i>) were formed on 96-well plates, and they were treated with nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan—“IONPs-CS”) of MCZ or FLZ at 39/78/156 µg/mL; antifungals alone at 156 µg/mL and artificial saliva were tested as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed by colony forming units (CFU), biomass, metabolic activity, and structure/viability. The cytotoxicity (L929 cells) of all treatments was determined via 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Data were submitted to one- or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Fisher LSD’s tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05). IONPs-CS-MCZ at 78 µg/mL promoted similar antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects compared with MCZ at 156 µg/mL. In turn, IONPs-CS-FLZ at 156 µg/mL was overall the most effective FLZ antibiofilm treatment, surpassing the effects of FLZ alone; this nanocarrier was also less cytotoxic compared with FLZ alone. It can be concluded that both nanocarriers are more effective alternatives to fight <i>Candida</i> biofilms compared with their respective positive controls in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of oral fungal infections. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:08:53Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf89129e483a49a58d998334813877b1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T10:08:53Z |
| publishDate | 2021-06-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf89129e483a49a58d998334813877b12023-11-22T01:22:36ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2021-06-017750010.3390/jof7070500Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In VitroAnne Caroline Morais Caldeirão0Heitor Ceolin Araujo1Laís Salomão Arias2Wilmer Ramírez Carmona3Gustavo Porangaba Miranda4Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira5Juliano Pelim Pessan6Douglas Roberto Monteiro7Graduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, BrazilDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilSchool of Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, BrazilDepartment of Basic Sciences, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilDepartment of Preventive and Restorative Dentistry, School of Dentistry, São Paulo State University (Unesp), Araçatuba 16015-050, SP, BrazilGraduate Program in Dentistry, University of Western São Paulo (UNOESTE), Presidente Prudente 19050-920, SP, BrazilThe contribution of different <i>Candida</i> species in oral fungal infections has stimulated the search for more effective therapies. This study assessed the antibiofilm effects of nanocarriers of miconazole (MCZ) or fluconazole (FLZ) on <i>Candida</i> biofilms, and their cytotoxic effects on murine fibroblasts. Three-species biofilms (<i>Candida albicans/Candida glabrata/Candida tropicalis</i>) were formed on 96-well plates, and they were treated with nanocarriers (iron oxide nanoparticles coated with chitosan—“IONPs-CS”) of MCZ or FLZ at 39/78/156 µg/mL; antifungals alone at 156 µg/mL and artificial saliva were tested as positive and negative controls, respectively. Biofilms were analyzed by colony forming units (CFU), biomass, metabolic activity, and structure/viability. The cytotoxicity (L929 cells) of all treatments was determined via 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) reduction assay. Data were submitted to one- or two-way ANOVA, followed by Tukey’s or Fisher LSD’s tests (<i>p</i> < 0.05). IONPs-CS-MCZ at 78 µg/mL promoted similar antibiofilm and cytotoxic effects compared with MCZ at 156 µg/mL. In turn, IONPs-CS-FLZ at 156 µg/mL was overall the most effective FLZ antibiofilm treatment, surpassing the effects of FLZ alone; this nanocarrier was also less cytotoxic compared with FLZ alone. It can be concluded that both nanocarriers are more effective alternatives to fight <i>Candida</i> biofilms compared with their respective positive controls in vitro, being a promising alternative for the treatment of oral fungal infections.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/500antifungalsbiofilms<i>Candida</i>chitosancytotoxicityfluconazole |
| spellingShingle | Anne Caroline Morais Caldeirão Heitor Ceolin Araujo Laís Salomão Arias Wilmer Ramírez Carmona Gustavo Porangaba Miranda Sandra Helena Penha Oliveira Juliano Pelim Pessan Douglas Roberto Monteiro Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro Journal of Fungi antifungals biofilms <i>Candida</i> chitosan cytotoxicity fluconazole |
| title | Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro |
| title_full | Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro |
| title_fullStr | Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro |
| title_short | Nanocarriers of Miconazole or Fluconazole: Effects on Three-Species <i>Candida</i> Biofilms and Cytotoxic Effects In Vitro |
| title_sort | nanocarriers of miconazole or fluconazole effects on three species i candida i biofilms and cytotoxic effects in vitro |
| topic | antifungals biofilms <i>Candida</i> chitosan cytotoxicity fluconazole |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/7/7/500 |
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