Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells
Lipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fracti...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | Molecules |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5645 |
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| author | Antonella Aresta Stefania De Santis Alessia Carocci Alexia Barbarossa Andrea Ragusa Nicoletta De Vietro Maria Lisa Clodoveo Filomena Corbo Carlo Zambonin |
| author_facet | Antonella Aresta Stefania De Santis Alessia Carocci Alexia Barbarossa Andrea Ragusa Nicoletta De Vietro Maria Lisa Clodoveo Filomena Corbo Carlo Zambonin |
| author_sort | Antonella Aresta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Lipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fractions recovered by sequential centrifugation or by ethyl acetate extraction, respectively, have been analyzed. A higher antioxidant ability, reported as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, was found for all raw milks compared to that of rice. This trend was confirmed, except for soy milk, as ROS reduction in Caco-2 cells. The free lipid fraction was shown to have the highest antioxidant potential in both chemical and biological tests. Moreover, goat and soy raw milks positively regulated Caco-2 cell viability after an inflammatory stimulus. This effect was lost when their total lipid fraction was tested. Finally, only the free lipid fraction from rice milk preserved the Caco-2 viability after LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated that the lipid profile of each milk, characterized by GC-MS analysis, could contribute to dictate its biological effects, and, although additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, they could support the literature re-evaluating the health effects of animal-based versus plant-based milks in the intestinal cellular model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:35Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf8a1c08494b412e8048150cfdf7d2df |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1420-3049 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:23:35Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Molecules |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf8a1c08494b412e8048150cfdf7d2df2023-11-22T14:26:18ZengMDPI AGMolecules1420-30492021-09-012618564510.3390/molecules26185645Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 CellsAntonella Aresta0Stefania De Santis1Alessia Carocci2Alexia Barbarossa3Andrea Ragusa4Nicoletta De Vietro5Maria Lisa Clodoveo6Filomena Corbo7Carlo Zambonin8Department of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Biological and Environmental Sciences and Technologies, University of Salento, 73100 Lecce, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Interdisciplinary Medicine, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Pharmacy-Pharmaceutical Science, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyDepartment of Chemistry, Aldo Moro University of Bari, 70126 Bari, ItalyLipids from milk are important nutritional components, although their health effects, especially for animal milks, are still questioned. Four types of commercial milks, two semi-skimmed animal milks (bovine and goat) and two vegetable ones (soy and rice), along with their total and free lipid fractions recovered by sequential centrifugation or by ethyl acetate extraction, respectively, have been analyzed. A higher antioxidant ability, reported as Trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, was found for all raw milks compared to that of rice. This trend was confirmed, except for soy milk, as ROS reduction in Caco-2 cells. The free lipid fraction was shown to have the highest antioxidant potential in both chemical and biological tests. Moreover, goat and soy raw milks positively regulated Caco-2 cell viability after an inflammatory stimulus. This effect was lost when their total lipid fraction was tested. Finally, only the free lipid fraction from rice milk preserved the Caco-2 viability after LPS stimulation. Our data demonstrated that the lipid profile of each milk, characterized by GC-MS analysis, could contribute to dictate its biological effects, and, although additional in vitro and in vivo studies are needed, they could support the literature re-evaluating the health effects of animal-based versus plant-based milks in the intestinal cellular model.https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5645animal and vegetable milksmilk lipid profilefree fatty acidsgas chromatography-mass spectrometryCaco-2 cellscell viability |
| spellingShingle | Antonella Aresta Stefania De Santis Alessia Carocci Alexia Barbarossa Andrea Ragusa Nicoletta De Vietro Maria Lisa Clodoveo Filomena Corbo Carlo Zambonin Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells Molecules animal and vegetable milks milk lipid profile free fatty acids gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Caco-2 cells cell viability |
| title | Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells |
| title_full | Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells |
| title_fullStr | Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells |
| title_full_unstemmed | Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells |
| title_short | Determination of Commercial Animal and Vegetable Milks’ Lipid Profile and Its Correlation with Cell Viability and Antioxidant Activity on Human Intestinal Caco-2 Cells |
| title_sort | determination of commercial animal and vegetable milks lipid profile and its correlation with cell viability and antioxidant activity on human intestinal caco 2 cells |
| topic | animal and vegetable milks milk lipid profile free fatty acids gas chromatography-mass spectrometry Caco-2 cells cell viability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1420-3049/26/18/5645 |
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