The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo
<i>Eimeria</i> spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic anticoccidials in the treatment of eimeriosis have given rise to the appearance of resistant parasites that require...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Series: | Veterinary Sciences |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/97 |
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| author | Mutee Murshed Saleh Al-Quraishy Jawahir Alghamdi Hossam M. A. Aljawdah Mohammed M. Mares |
| author_facet | Mutee Murshed Saleh Al-Quraishy Jawahir Alghamdi Hossam M. A. Aljawdah Mohammed M. Mares |
| author_sort | Mutee Murshed |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <i>Eimeria</i> spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic anticoccidials in the treatment of eimeriosis have given rise to the appearance of resistant parasites that require the search for alternate remedies. Natural products, which are safe and have no negative impact on the environment, may be utilized in the therapy of an enormous range of parasitic infections. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of VVLE on the oocyst sporulation of an <i>E. papillate</i> infection in the mouse jejunum. In addition, obtaining the ideal concentration will interrupt the parasite’s life cycle and limit infection. In vitro: Collected unsporulated oocysts (1 × 10<sup>3</sup>) of <i>E. papillata</i> were given six different concentrations (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> leaf extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL) and toltrazuril (25 mg/mL), three replicates per group, whereas the control group received 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. In vivo: The mice were separated into six groups; the first and second groups did not receive infection, whilst the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were each given 1 × 10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <i>E. papillate</i> in the experiment. In addition, an oral dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg VVLE were given to the fourth and fifth groups, while the sixth group was given toltrazuril at 25 mg/kg. On the fifth day, unpopulated oocysts were collected from each mouse separately. The incubation period and treatments had considerable impacts on the rate of sporulation. The infrared spectroscopy of <i>V. vinifera</i> extract revealed many expected active classes of chemical compounds. Further, the infection of mice with <i>E. papillata</i> caused an oocyst output of nearly 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> oocysts/g of faeces. VVLE significantly decreased the oocyst output to nearly 88%. In addition, we detected an inhibitory effect on the sporulation (%) and harm (%) of <i>E. papillata</i> oocysts in a dosage-dependent modality compared with the control group. Furthermore, they destroyed the oocyst morphology in terms of the shape, size, and quantity of sporocysts. The results indicate that grape vines have powerful activity as anticoccidials. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:13Z |
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| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T08:02:13Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cf8de3d9cb224116accd74a64b3443332023-11-16T23:45:35ZengMDPI AGVeterinary Sciences2306-73812023-01-011029710.3390/vetsci10020097The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In VivoMutee Murshed0Saleh Al-Quraishy1Jawahir Alghamdi2Hossam M. A. Aljawdah3Mohammed M. Mares4Department of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi Arabia<i>Eimeria</i> spp. causes eimeriosis in the guts of numerous domestic mammals and poultry, and the employment of medication and the effects of certain aspects of synthetic anticoccidials in the treatment of eimeriosis have given rise to the appearance of resistant parasites that require the search for alternate remedies. Natural products, which are safe and have no negative impact on the environment, may be utilized in the therapy of an enormous range of parasitic infections. This research aimed to assess the effectiveness of VVLE on the oocyst sporulation of an <i>E. papillate</i> infection in the mouse jejunum. In addition, obtaining the ideal concentration will interrupt the parasite’s life cycle and limit infection. In vitro: Collected unsporulated oocysts (1 × 10<sup>3</sup>) of <i>E. papillata</i> were given six different concentrations (<i>w</i>/<i>v</i>) of <i>Vitis vinifera</i> leaf extract (10, 25, 50, 100, 150, and 200 mg/mL) and toltrazuril (25 mg/mL), three replicates per group, whereas the control group received 2.5% potassium dichromate solution. In vivo: The mice were separated into six groups; the first and second groups did not receive infection, whilst the third, fourth, fifth, and sixth groups were each given 1 × 10<sup>3</sup> sporulated oocysts of <i>E. papillate</i> in the experiment. In addition, an oral dosage of 100 and 200 mg/kg VVLE were given to the fourth and fifth groups, while the sixth group was given toltrazuril at 25 mg/kg. On the fifth day, unpopulated oocysts were collected from each mouse separately. The incubation period and treatments had considerable impacts on the rate of sporulation. The infrared spectroscopy of <i>V. vinifera</i> extract revealed many expected active classes of chemical compounds. Further, the infection of mice with <i>E. papillata</i> caused an oocyst output of nearly 2 × 10<sup>4</sup> oocysts/g of faeces. VVLE significantly decreased the oocyst output to nearly 88%. In addition, we detected an inhibitory effect on the sporulation (%) and harm (%) of <i>E. papillata</i> oocysts in a dosage-dependent modality compared with the control group. Furthermore, they destroyed the oocyst morphology in terms of the shape, size, and quantity of sporocysts. The results indicate that grape vines have powerful activity as anticoccidials.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/97<i>Vitis vinifera</i> extracteimeriosisoocystssporulationin vitromice |
| spellingShingle | Mutee Murshed Saleh Al-Quraishy Jawahir Alghamdi Hossam M. A. Aljawdah Mohammed M. Mares The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo Veterinary Sciences <i>Vitis vinifera</i> extract eimeriosis oocysts sporulation in vitro mice |
| title | The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_full | The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_fullStr | The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_full_unstemmed | The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_short | The Anticoccidial Effect of Alcoholic <i>Vitis vinifera</i> Leaf Extracts on <i>Eimeria papillate</i> Oocysts Isolated in Mice In Vitro and In Vivo |
| title_sort | anticoccidial effect of alcoholic i vitis vinifera i leaf extracts on i eimeria papillate i oocysts isolated in mice in vitro and in vivo |
| topic | <i>Vitis vinifera</i> extract eimeriosis oocysts sporulation in vitro mice |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-7381/10/2/97 |
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