Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective
Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound without an identifiable external sound source, and tinnitus disorder as tinnitus with associated suffering. Chronic tinnitus has been anatomically and phenomenologically separated into three pathways: a lateral “sound” pathway, a medial “suff...
| Hauptverfasser: | , , , |
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| Format: | Artikel |
| Sprache: | English |
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Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery
2022-08-01
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| Schriftenreihe: | Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology |
| Schlagworte: | |
| Online Zugang: | http://e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2022-00815.pdf |
| _version_ | 1828114545844944896 |
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| author | Dirk De Ridder Sven Vanneste Jae-Jin Song Divya Adhia |
| author_facet | Dirk De Ridder Sven Vanneste Jae-Jin Song Divya Adhia |
| author_sort | Dirk De Ridder |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Tinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound without an identifiable external sound source, and tinnitus disorder as tinnitus with associated suffering. Chronic tinnitus has been anatomically and phenomenologically separated into three pathways: a lateral “sound” pathway, a medial “suffering” pathway, and a descending noise-canceling pathway. Here, the triple network model is proposed as a unifying framework common to neuropsychiatric disorders. It proposes that abnormal interactions among three cardinal networks—the self-representational default mode network, the behavioral relevance-encoding salience network and the goal-oriented central executive network—underlie brain disorders. Tinnitus commonly leads to negative cognitive, emotional, and autonomic responses, phenomenologically expressed as tinnitus-related suffering, processed by the medial pathway. This anatomically overlaps with the salience network, encoding the behavioral relevance of the sound stimulus. Chronic tinnitus can also become associated with the self-representing default mode network and becomes an intrinsic part of the self-percept. This is likely an energy-saving evolutionary adaptation, by detaching tinnitus from sympathetic energy-consuming activity. Eventually, this can lead to functional disability by interfering with the central executive network. In conclusion, these three pathways can be extended to a triple network model explaining all tinnitus-associated comorbidities. This model paves the way for the development of individualized treatment modalities. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:26:12Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf8e4f4be3b04d23874bfe22a96b30a7 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1976-8710 2005-0720 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T12:26:12Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | Korean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf8e4f4be3b04d23874bfe22a96b30a72022-12-22T04:23:56ZengKorean Society of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck SurgeryClinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology1976-87102005-07202022-08-0115320521210.21053/ceo.2022.00815830Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A PerspectiveDirk De Ridder0Sven Vanneste1Jae-Jin Song2Divya Adhia3 Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New Zealand Global Brain Health Institute, Trinity College Dublin, Dublin, Ireland Department of Otorhinolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery, Seoul National University Bundang Hospital, Seongnam, Korea Section of Neurosurgery, Department of Surgical Sciences, Dunedin School of Medicine, University of Otago, Dunedin, New ZealandTinnitus is defined as the conscious awareness of a sound without an identifiable external sound source, and tinnitus disorder as tinnitus with associated suffering. Chronic tinnitus has been anatomically and phenomenologically separated into three pathways: a lateral “sound” pathway, a medial “suffering” pathway, and a descending noise-canceling pathway. Here, the triple network model is proposed as a unifying framework common to neuropsychiatric disorders. It proposes that abnormal interactions among three cardinal networks—the self-representational default mode network, the behavioral relevance-encoding salience network and the goal-oriented central executive network—underlie brain disorders. Tinnitus commonly leads to negative cognitive, emotional, and autonomic responses, phenomenologically expressed as tinnitus-related suffering, processed by the medial pathway. This anatomically overlaps with the salience network, encoding the behavioral relevance of the sound stimulus. Chronic tinnitus can also become associated with the self-representing default mode network and becomes an intrinsic part of the self-percept. This is likely an energy-saving evolutionary adaptation, by detaching tinnitus from sympathetic energy-consuming activity. Eventually, this can lead to functional disability by interfering with the central executive network. In conclusion, these three pathways can be extended to a triple network model explaining all tinnitus-associated comorbidities. This model paves the way for the development of individualized treatment modalities.http://e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2022-00815.pdftinnitusdefault mode networksalience networkexecutive network |
| spellingShingle | Dirk De Ridder Sven Vanneste Jae-Jin Song Divya Adhia Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective Clinical and Experimental Otorhinolaryngology tinnitus default mode network salience network executive network |
| title | Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective |
| title_full | Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective |
| title_fullStr | Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective |
| title_short | Tinnitus and the Triple Network Model: A Perspective |
| title_sort | tinnitus and the triple network model a perspective |
| topic | tinnitus default mode network salience network executive network |
| url | http://e-ceo.org/upload/pdf/ceo-2022-00815.pdf |
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