<i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening
Fruit ripening is regulated by epigenetic modifications and transcription factors, which may function independently or as protein complexes. Our previous study showed that the apple histone deacetylase19 (<i>MdHDA19</i>) suppresses fruit ripening through the deacetylation of histones in...
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MDPI AG
2022-02-01
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| Series: | Plants |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/668 |
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| author | Qiqi Li Ting Wang Chen Xu Meishuo Li Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu Zhenhai Han Ting Wu |
| author_facet | Qiqi Li Ting Wang Chen Xu Meishuo Li Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu Zhenhai Han Ting Wu |
| author_sort | Qiqi Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fruit ripening is regulated by epigenetic modifications and transcription factors, which may function independently or as protein complexes. Our previous study showed that the apple histone deacetylase19 (<i>MdHDA19</i>) suppresses fruit ripening through the deacetylation of histones in related genes. Here, a MADS-box transcription factor (<i>MdMADS6</i>) was identified using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay as a candidate protein that interacts with <i>MdHDA19</i> during apple fruit ripening. Furthermore, Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction between <i>MdHDA19</i> and <i>MdMADS6</i>. <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transient transformation and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that <i>MdMADS6</i> promoted carotenoid accumulation in apple fruit by acting on the downstream target genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis. In summary, we conclude that, in the early stages of fruit development, the expression of <i>MdMADS6</i> was maintained at lower levels, where it interacted with <i>MdHDA19</i> to form a protein complex that inhibited the expression of the downstream genes. At the late stages of fruit development, active expression of <i>MdMADS6</i> dissociated the protein complex of <i>MdMADS6</i> and <i>MdHDA19</i> and consequently promoted the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes as well as carotenoid accumulation. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:40Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:25:40Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cf91edf6eb1442bba32f4ffb640f59ac2023-11-23T23:36:22ZengMDPI AGPlants2223-77472022-02-0111566810.3390/plants11050668<i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit RipeningQiqi Li0Ting Wang1Chen Xu2Meishuo Li3Ji Tian4Yi Wang5Xinzhong Zhang6Xuefeng Xu7Zhenhai Han8Ting Wu9College of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaPlant Science and Technology College, Beijing University of Agriculture, Beijing 102206, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaCollege of Horticulture, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, ChinaFruit ripening is regulated by epigenetic modifications and transcription factors, which may function independently or as protein complexes. Our previous study showed that the apple histone deacetylase19 (<i>MdHDA19</i>) suppresses fruit ripening through the deacetylation of histones in related genes. Here, a MADS-box transcription factor (<i>MdMADS6</i>) was identified using a yeast two-hybrid (Y2H) assay as a candidate protein that interacts with <i>MdHDA19</i> during apple fruit ripening. Furthermore, Y2H, bimolecular fluorescence complementation (BiFC) and pull-down assays were used to confirm the interaction between <i>MdHDA19</i> and <i>MdMADS6</i>. <i>Agrobacterium</i>-mediated transient transformation and yeast one-hybrid assays showed that <i>MdMADS6</i> promoted carotenoid accumulation in apple fruit by acting on the downstream target genes related to carotenoid biosynthesis. In summary, we conclude that, in the early stages of fruit development, the expression of <i>MdMADS6</i> was maintained at lower levels, where it interacted with <i>MdHDA19</i> to form a protein complex that inhibited the expression of the downstream genes. At the late stages of fruit development, active expression of <i>MdMADS6</i> dissociated the protein complex of <i>MdMADS6</i> and <i>MdHDA19</i> and consequently promoted the expression of carotenoid biosynthesis genes as well as carotenoid accumulation.https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/668MADS transcription factorprotein complexcarotenoid accumulationfruit ripening |
| spellingShingle | Qiqi Li Ting Wang Chen Xu Meishuo Li Ji Tian Yi Wang Xinzhong Zhang Xuefeng Xu Zhenhai Han Ting Wu <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening Plants MADS transcription factor protein complex carotenoid accumulation fruit ripening |
| title | <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening |
| title_full | <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening |
| title_fullStr | <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening |
| title_full_unstemmed | <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening |
| title_short | <i>MdMADS6</i> Recruits Histone Deacetylase <i>MdHDA19</i> to Repress the Expression of the Carotenoid Synthesis-Related Gene <i>MdCCD1</i> during Fruit Ripening |
| title_sort | i mdmads6 i recruits histone deacetylase i mdhda19 i to repress the expression of the carotenoid synthesis related gene i mdccd1 i during fruit ripening |
| topic | MADS transcription factor protein complex carotenoid accumulation fruit ripening |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2223-7747/11/5/668 |
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