Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants
The impact of oxidation on mitigation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in drinking water treatment sludge was investigated at the laboratory and treatment plant scales. Two common oxidants, KMnO<sub>4</sub> (5 and 10 mg/L) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10 and 20...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2022-02-01
|
| Series: | Water |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/537 |
| _version_ | 1797475942279413760 |
|---|---|
| author | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost |
| author_facet | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost |
| author_sort | Farhad Jalili |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The impact of oxidation on mitigation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in drinking water treatment sludge was investigated at the laboratory and treatment plant scales. Two common oxidants, KMnO<sub>4</sub> (5 and 10 mg/L) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10 and 20 mg/L) were applied under controlled steady-state conditions. Non-oxidized and oxidized sludge was left to stagnate in the dark for 7 to 38 days. Controlled laboratory trials show that KMnO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decreased cell counts up to 62% and 77%, respectively. The maximum total MC level reduction achieved after oxidation was 41% and 98% using 20 mg/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 10 mg/L KMnO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. Stagnation caused cell growth up to 2.6-fold in 8 out of 22 oxidized samples. Microcystin (MC) producer orders as Chroococcales and Synechococcales were persistent while Nostocales was sensitive to combined oxidation and stagnation stresses. In parallel, two on-site shock oxidation treatments were performed in the DWTP’s sludge holding tank using 10 mg/L KMnO<sub>4</sub>. On-site shock oxidation decreased taxonomic cell counts by up to 43% within 24 h. Stagnation preceded by on-site shock oxidation could increase total cell counts by up to 55% as compared to oxidation alone. The increase of cell counts and <i>mcyD</i> gene copy numbers during stagnation revealed the impact of oxidation/stagnation on cyanobacterial cell growth. These findings show the limitations of sludge oxidation as a strategy to manage cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in sludge and suggest that alternative approaches to prevent the accumulation and mitigation of cyanobacteria in sludge should be considered. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:57Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf91fdd315884806a4ec9cf64607914e |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2073-4441 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T20:51:57Z |
| publishDate | 2022-02-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Water |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf91fdd315884806a4ec9cf64607914e2023-11-23T22:33:31ZengMDPI AGWater2073-44412022-02-0114453710.3390/w14040537Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale PlantsFarhad Jalili0Hana Trigui1Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado2Sarah Dorner3Arash Zamyadi4B. Jesse Shapiro5Yves Terrat6Nathalie Fortin7Sébastien Sauvé8Michèle Prévost9Department of Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaFaculty of Engineering and Information Technology, University of Melbourne, Melbourne, VIC 3010, AustraliaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, CanadaDepartment of Biological Sciences, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H2V 0B3, CanadaNational Research Council Canada, Energy, Mining and Environment, Montréal, QC H4P 2R2, CanadaDepartment of Chemistry, University of Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3J7, CanadaDepartment of Civil, Mineral and Mining Engineering, Polytechnique Montréal, Montréal, QC H3C 3A7, CanadaThe impact of oxidation on mitigation of cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in drinking water treatment sludge was investigated at the laboratory and treatment plant scales. Two common oxidants, KMnO<sub>4</sub> (5 and 10 mg/L) and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> (10 and 20 mg/L) were applied under controlled steady-state conditions. Non-oxidized and oxidized sludge was left to stagnate in the dark for 7 to 38 days. Controlled laboratory trials show that KMnO<sub>4</sub> and H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> decreased cell counts up to 62% and 77%, respectively. The maximum total MC level reduction achieved after oxidation was 41% and 98% using 20 mg/L H<sub>2</sub>O<sub>2</sub> and 10 mg/L KMnO<sub>4</sub>, respectively. Stagnation caused cell growth up to 2.6-fold in 8 out of 22 oxidized samples. Microcystin (MC) producer orders as Chroococcales and Synechococcales were persistent while Nostocales was sensitive to combined oxidation and stagnation stresses. In parallel, two on-site shock oxidation treatments were performed in the DWTP’s sludge holding tank using 10 mg/L KMnO<sub>4</sub>. On-site shock oxidation decreased taxonomic cell counts by up to 43% within 24 h. Stagnation preceded by on-site shock oxidation could increase total cell counts by up to 55% as compared to oxidation alone. The increase of cell counts and <i>mcyD</i> gene copy numbers during stagnation revealed the impact of oxidation/stagnation on cyanobacterial cell growth. These findings show the limitations of sludge oxidation as a strategy to manage cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in sludge and suggest that alternative approaches to prevent the accumulation and mitigation of cyanobacteria in sludge should be considered.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/537cyanobacteriashotgun metagenomic sequencingsludgedrinking water treatment plantoxidationstorage |
| spellingShingle | Farhad Jalili Hana Trigui Juan Francisco Guerra Maldonado Sarah Dorner Arash Zamyadi B. Jesse Shapiro Yves Terrat Nathalie Fortin Sébastien Sauvé Michèle Prévost Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants Water cyanobacteria shotgun metagenomic sequencing sludge drinking water treatment plant oxidation storage |
| title | Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants |
| title_full | Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants |
| title_fullStr | Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants |
| title_full_unstemmed | Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants |
| title_short | Oxidation to Control Cyanobacteria and Cyanotoxins in Drinking Water Treatment Plants: Challenges at the Laboratory and Full-Scale Plants |
| title_sort | oxidation to control cyanobacteria and cyanotoxins in drinking water treatment plants challenges at the laboratory and full scale plants |
| topic | cyanobacteria shotgun metagenomic sequencing sludge drinking water treatment plant oxidation storage |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4441/14/4/537 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT farhadjalili oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT hanatrigui oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT juanfranciscoguerramaldonado oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT sarahdorner oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT arashzamyadi oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT bjesseshapiro oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT yvesterrat oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT nathaliefortin oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT sebastiensauve oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants AT micheleprevost oxidationtocontrolcyanobacteriaandcyanotoxinsindrinkingwatertreatmentplantschallengesatthelaboratoryandfullscaleplants |