Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales)
Although functional ecology is a well-established field, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of the reproductive traits in macrofungi is still limited. Here, we reconstructed a phylogeny tree of gomphoid fungi in the narrower sense, including the species of the genera &...
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MDPI AG
2023-05-01
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| Series: | Journal of Fungi |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/6/626 |
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| author | Xue-Ping Fan Jian-Wei Liu Zhuliang Yang |
| author_facet | Xue-Ping Fan Jian-Wei Liu Zhuliang Yang |
| author_sort | Xue-Ping Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Although functional ecology is a well-established field, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of the reproductive traits in macrofungi is still limited. Here, we reconstructed a phylogeny tree of gomphoid fungi in the narrower sense, including the species of the genera <i>Gomphus</i> and <i>Turbinellus</i> and used it to uncover the evolution of reproductive traits. Our analyses indicated that fungal fruit bodies and spores did not enlarge at a steady rate over time. Early gomphoid fungi essentially maintained their fruit body size, spore size and spore shape through the Mesozoic. In the Cenozoic, gomphoid fungi acquired significantly larger and more spherical spores by simultaneously expanding in length and width, with the fruit body size first decreasing and then enlarging. We argue that these trade-offs were driven by the effect of biological extinction and the dramatic climate changes of the Cenozoic. Gomphoid fungi initially increased in spore size and fruit body number as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Both fruit bodies and spores eventually became larger as ecosystems saturated and competition intensified. One new species of <i>Gomphus</i> and nine new species of <i>Turbinellus</i> are described. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:16:46Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf98acbbdbef4df8a00c5bcb8c9f7db3 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2309-608X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T02:16:46Z |
| publishDate | 2023-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Fungi |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf98acbbdbef4df8a00c5bcb8c9f7db32023-11-18T11:08:35ZengMDPI AGJournal of Fungi2309-608X2023-05-019662610.3390/jof9060626Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales)Xue-Ping Fan0Jian-Wei Liu1Zhuliang Yang2CAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia, Kunming Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Kunming 650201, ChinaAlthough functional ecology is a well-established field, our understanding of the evolutionary and ecological significance of the reproductive traits in macrofungi is still limited. Here, we reconstructed a phylogeny tree of gomphoid fungi in the narrower sense, including the species of the genera <i>Gomphus</i> and <i>Turbinellus</i> and used it to uncover the evolution of reproductive traits. Our analyses indicated that fungal fruit bodies and spores did not enlarge at a steady rate over time. Early gomphoid fungi essentially maintained their fruit body size, spore size and spore shape through the Mesozoic. In the Cenozoic, gomphoid fungi acquired significantly larger and more spherical spores by simultaneously expanding in length and width, with the fruit body size first decreasing and then enlarging. We argue that these trade-offs were driven by the effect of biological extinction and the dramatic climate changes of the Cenozoic. Gomphoid fungi initially increased in spore size and fruit body number as extinction survivors filled vacant niches. Both fruit bodies and spores eventually became larger as ecosystems saturated and competition intensified. One new species of <i>Gomphus</i> and nine new species of <i>Turbinellus</i> are described.https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/6/626biodiversityectomycorrhizal fungievolutionary ratefruit body sizephylogenetic analysisspore size |
| spellingShingle | Xue-Ping Fan Jian-Wei Liu Zhuliang Yang Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) Journal of Fungi biodiversity ectomycorrhizal fungi evolutionary rate fruit body size phylogenetic analysis spore size |
| title | Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) |
| title_full | Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) |
| title_fullStr | Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) |
| title_full_unstemmed | Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) |
| title_short | Phylogeny, Taxonomy and Evolutionary Trade-Offs in Reproductive Traits of Gomphoid Fungi (Gomphaceae, Gomphales) |
| title_sort | phylogeny taxonomy and evolutionary trade offs in reproductive traits of gomphoid fungi gomphaceae gomphales |
| topic | biodiversity ectomycorrhizal fungi evolutionary rate fruit body size phylogenetic analysis spore size |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2309-608X/9/6/626 |
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