Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon
Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the <i>Trypanosoma</i> genus. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a significant threat as many people are at risk of infection. Despite this, HAT is classified as a neglected tropical dise...
| Principais autores: | , , , , , , , |
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| Formato: | Artigo |
| Idioma: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-08-01
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| coleção: | Pathogens |
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| Acesso em linha: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/992 |
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| author | Larson Boundenga Illich Manfred Mombo Mouinga-Ondeme Augustin Ngoubangoye Barthélémy Patrice Makouloutou Nzassi Nancy D. Moukodoum Virginie Rougeron Franck Prugnolle |
| author_facet | Larson Boundenga Illich Manfred Mombo Mouinga-Ondeme Augustin Ngoubangoye Barthélémy Patrice Makouloutou Nzassi Nancy D. Moukodoum Virginie Rougeron Franck Prugnolle |
| author_sort | Larson Boundenga |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Human African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the <i>Trypanosoma</i> genus. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a significant threat as many people are at risk of infection. Despite this, HAT is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Over the last few years, several studies have reported the existence of a wide diversity of trypanosome species circulating in African animals. Thus, domestic and wild animals could be reservoirs of potentially dangerous trypanosomes for human populations. However, very little is known about the role of domestic animals in maintaining the transmission cycle of human trypanosomes in central Africa, especially in Gabon, where serious cases of infection are recorded each year, sometimes leading to hospitalization or death of patients. Komo-Mondah, located within Estuaries (Gabonese province), stays the most active HAT disease focus in Gabon, with a mean of 20 cases per year. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and prevalence of trypanosomes circulating in domestic animals using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. We found that 19.34% (53/274) of the domestic animals we studied were infected with trypanosomes. The infection rates varied among taxa, with 23.21% (13/56) of dogs, 16.10% (19/118) of goats, and 21.00% (21/100) of sheep infected. In addition, we have observed a global mixed rate of infections of 20.75% (11/53) among infected individuals. Molecular analyses revealed that at least six <i>Trypanosome</i> species circulate in domestic animals in Gabon (<i>T. congolense</i>, <i>T. simiae</i>, <i>T. simiae</i> Tsavo, <i>T. theileri</i>, <i>T. vivax</i>, <i>T. brucei</i> (including <i>T. brucei brucei</i>, and <i>T. brucei gambiense</i>)). In conclusion, our study showed that domestic animals constitute important potential reservoirs for trypanosome parasites, including <i>T. brucei gambiense</i>, which is responsible for HAT. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:53:37Z |
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| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-0817 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T22:53:37Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
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| series | Pathogens |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf9a5c8e6db941d79e1186927aa470832023-11-23T18:15:36ZengMDPI AGPathogens2076-08172022-08-0111999210.3390/pathogens11090992Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in GabonLarson Boundenga0Illich Manfred Mombo1Mouinga-Ondeme Augustin2Ngoubangoye Barthélémy3Patrice Makouloutou Nzassi4Nancy D. Moukodoum5Virginie Rougeron6Franck Prugnolle7International Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonInternational Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonInternational Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonInternational Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonInternational Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonInternational Centre for Medical Research in Franceville (CIRMF), Franceville BP 769, GabonREHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George 6529, South AfricaREHABS, International Research Laboratory, CNRS-NMU-UCBL, George Campus, Nelson Mandela University, George 6529, South AfricaHuman African Trypanosomiasis (HAT) is an infectious disease caused by protozoan parasites belonging to the <i>Trypanosoma</i> genus. In sub-Saharan Africa, there is a significant threat as many people are at risk of infection. Despite this, HAT is classified as a neglected tropical disease. Over the last few years, several studies have reported the existence of a wide diversity of trypanosome species circulating in African animals. Thus, domestic and wild animals could be reservoirs of potentially dangerous trypanosomes for human populations. However, very little is known about the role of domestic animals in maintaining the transmission cycle of human trypanosomes in central Africa, especially in Gabon, where serious cases of infection are recorded each year, sometimes leading to hospitalization or death of patients. Komo-Mondah, located within Estuaries (Gabonese province), stays the most active HAT disease focus in Gabon, with a mean of 20 cases per year. In this study, we evaluated the diversity and prevalence of trypanosomes circulating in domestic animals using the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique. We found that 19.34% (53/274) of the domestic animals we studied were infected with trypanosomes. The infection rates varied among taxa, with 23.21% (13/56) of dogs, 16.10% (19/118) of goats, and 21.00% (21/100) of sheep infected. In addition, we have observed a global mixed rate of infections of 20.75% (11/53) among infected individuals. Molecular analyses revealed that at least six <i>Trypanosome</i> species circulate in domestic animals in Gabon (<i>T. congolense</i>, <i>T. simiae</i>, <i>T. simiae</i> Tsavo, <i>T. theileri</i>, <i>T. vivax</i>, <i>T. brucei</i> (including <i>T. brucei brucei</i>, and <i>T. brucei gambiense</i>)). In conclusion, our study showed that domestic animals constitute important potential reservoirs for trypanosome parasites, including <i>T. brucei gambiense</i>, which is responsible for HAT.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/992trypanosomesdiversityprevalencedomestic animals<i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i>Gabon |
| spellingShingle | Larson Boundenga Illich Manfred Mombo Mouinga-Ondeme Augustin Ngoubangoye Barthélémy Patrice Makouloutou Nzassi Nancy D. Moukodoum Virginie Rougeron Franck Prugnolle Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon Pathogens trypanosomes diversity prevalence domestic animals <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> Gabon |
| title | Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon |
| title_full | Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon |
| title_fullStr | Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon |
| title_full_unstemmed | Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon |
| title_short | Molecular Identification of Trypanosome Diversity in Domestic Animals Reveals the Presence of <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> in Historical Foci of Human African Trypanosomiasis in Gabon |
| title_sort | molecular identification of trypanosome diversity in domestic animals reveals the presence of i trypanosoma brucei gambiense i in historical foci of human african trypanosomiasis in gabon |
| topic | trypanosomes diversity prevalence domestic animals <i>Trypanosoma brucei gambiense</i> Gabon |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-0817/11/9/992 |
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