Antifungal Drugs
We reviewed the licensed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics inhibit 1,3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14-&...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2020-03-01
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| Series: | Metabolites |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/106 |
| _version_ | 1818771995082358784 |
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| author | Jiří Houšť Jaroslav Spížek Vladimír Havlíček |
| author_facet | Jiří Houšť Jaroslav Spížek Vladimír Havlíček |
| author_sort | Jiří Houšť |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | We reviewed the licensed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics inhibit 1,3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis, or sequestrate ergosterol. Their most severe side effects are hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelotoxicity. Whereas triazoles exhibit the most significant drug−drug interactions, echinocandins exhibit almost none. The antifungal resistance may be developed across most pathogens and includes drug target overexpression, efflux pump activation, and amino acid substitution. The experimental antifungal drugs in clinical trials are also reviewed. Siderophores in the Trojan horse approach or the application of siderophore biosynthesis enzyme inhibitors represent the most promising emerging antifungal therapies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:02:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cf9b50680ec2431686ae85112b9b06e1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2218-1989 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-18T10:02:19Z |
| publishDate | 2020-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-cf9b50680ec2431686ae85112b9b06e12022-12-21T21:11:38ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892020-03-0110310610.3390/metabo10030106metabo10030106Antifungal DrugsJiří Houšť0Jaroslav Spížek1Vladimír Havlíček2Institute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicInstitute of Microbiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences, Vídeňská 1083, 14220 Prague, Czech RepublicWe reviewed the licensed antifungal drugs and summarized their mechanisms of action, pharmacological profiles, and susceptibility to specific fungi. Approved antimycotics inhibit 1,3-β-<span style="font-variant: small-caps;">d</span>-glucan synthase, lanosterol 14-α-demethylase, protein, and deoxyribonucleic acid biosynthesis, or sequestrate ergosterol. Their most severe side effects are hepatotoxicity, nephrotoxicity, and myelotoxicity. Whereas triazoles exhibit the most significant drug−drug interactions, echinocandins exhibit almost none. The antifungal resistance may be developed across most pathogens and includes drug target overexpression, efflux pump activation, and amino acid substitution. The experimental antifungal drugs in clinical trials are also reviewed. Siderophores in the Trojan horse approach or the application of siderophore biosynthesis enzyme inhibitors represent the most promising emerging antifungal therapies.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/106antifungal drugsamphotericin bflucytosinetriazolesechinocandinsinvasive fungal infectionsresistancesiderophores |
| spellingShingle | Jiří Houšť Jaroslav Spížek Vladimír Havlíček Antifungal Drugs Metabolites antifungal drugs amphotericin b flucytosine triazoles echinocandins invasive fungal infections resistance siderophores |
| title | Antifungal Drugs |
| title_full | Antifungal Drugs |
| title_fullStr | Antifungal Drugs |
| title_full_unstemmed | Antifungal Drugs |
| title_short | Antifungal Drugs |
| title_sort | antifungal drugs |
| topic | antifungal drugs amphotericin b flucytosine triazoles echinocandins invasive fungal infections resistance siderophores |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/10/3/106 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT jirihoust antifungaldrugs AT jaroslavspizek antifungaldrugs AT vladimirhavlicek antifungaldrugs |