Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue
Jugular venous valve incompetence has no long-term remedy and symptoms of transient global amnesia and/or intracranial hypertension continue to discomfort patients. During this study, we interrogate the synergy of the collagen and elastin microstructure that compose the bi-layer extracellular matrix...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Bioengineering |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/6/2/45 |
| _version_ | 1827885356344672256 |
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| author | Adam A. Benson Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang |
| author_facet | Adam A. Benson Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang |
| author_sort | Adam A. Benson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Jugular venous valve incompetence has no long-term remedy and symptoms of transient global amnesia and/or intracranial hypertension continue to discomfort patients. During this study, we interrogate the synergy of the collagen and elastin microstructure that compose the bi-layer extracellular matrix (ECM) of the jugular venous valve. In this study, we investigate the jugular venous valve and relate it to tissue-level mechanical properties, fibril orientation and fibril composition to improve fundamental knowledge of the jugular venous valves toward the development of bioprosthetic venous valve replacements. Steps include: (1) multi loading biaxial mechanical tests; (2) isolation of the elastin microstructure; (3) imaging of the elastin microstructure; and (4) imaging of the collagen microstructure, including an experimental analysis of crimp. Results from this study show that, during a 3:1 loading ratio (circumferential direction: 900 mN and radial direction: 300 mN), elastin may have the ability to contribute to the circumferential mechanical properties at low strains, for example, shifting the inflection point toward lower strains in comparison to other loading ratios. After isolating the elastin microstructure, light microscopy revealed that the overall elastin orients in the radial direction while forming a crosslinked mesh. Collagen fibers were found undulated, aligning in parallel with neighboring fibers and orienting in the circumferential direction with an interquartile range of −10.38° to 7.58° from the circumferential axis (n = 20). Collagen crimp wavelength and amplitude was found to be 38.46 ± 8.06 µm and 4.51 ± 1.65 µm, respectively (n = 87). Analyzing collagen crimp shows that crimp permits about 12% true strain circumferentially, while straightening of the overall fibers accounts for more. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the jugular venous valve linking the composition and orientation of the ECM to its mechanical properties and this study will aid in forming a structure-based constitutive model. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:44:39Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfa08c591761422dad966fc4276e5903 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2306-5354 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T19:44:39Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Bioengineering |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfa08c591761422dad966fc4276e59032023-08-02T03:39:30ZengMDPI AGBioengineering2306-53542019-05-01624510.3390/bioengineering6020045bioengineering6020045Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve TissueAdam A. Benson0Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang1Mechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, R3158 Engineering Building 3, Campus Box 7910, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAMechanical and Aerospace Engineering Department, Analytical Instrumentation Facility, North Carolina State University, R3158 Engineering Building 3, Campus Box 7910, 911 Oval Drive, Raleigh, NC 27695, USAJugular venous valve incompetence has no long-term remedy and symptoms of transient global amnesia and/or intracranial hypertension continue to discomfort patients. During this study, we interrogate the synergy of the collagen and elastin microstructure that compose the bi-layer extracellular matrix (ECM) of the jugular venous valve. In this study, we investigate the jugular venous valve and relate it to tissue-level mechanical properties, fibril orientation and fibril composition to improve fundamental knowledge of the jugular venous valves toward the development of bioprosthetic venous valve replacements. Steps include: (1) multi loading biaxial mechanical tests; (2) isolation of the elastin microstructure; (3) imaging of the elastin microstructure; and (4) imaging of the collagen microstructure, including an experimental analysis of crimp. Results from this study show that, during a 3:1 loading ratio (circumferential direction: 900 mN and radial direction: 300 mN), elastin may have the ability to contribute to the circumferential mechanical properties at low strains, for example, shifting the inflection point toward lower strains in comparison to other loading ratios. After isolating the elastin microstructure, light microscopy revealed that the overall elastin orients in the radial direction while forming a crosslinked mesh. Collagen fibers were found undulated, aligning in parallel with neighboring fibers and orienting in the circumferential direction with an interquartile range of −10.38° to 7.58° from the circumferential axis (n = 20). Collagen crimp wavelength and amplitude was found to be 38.46 ± 8.06 µm and 4.51 ± 1.65 µm, respectively (n = 87). Analyzing collagen crimp shows that crimp permits about 12% true strain circumferentially, while straightening of the overall fibers accounts for more. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, this is the first study of the jugular venous valve linking the composition and orientation of the ECM to its mechanical properties and this study will aid in forming a structure-based constitutive model.https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/6/2/45collagen crimpelastinmicrostructuresforce-controlled mechanical testing |
| spellingShingle | Adam A. Benson Hsiao-Ying Shadow Huang Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue Bioengineering collagen crimp elastin microstructures force-controlled mechanical testing |
| title | Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue |
| title_full | Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue |
| title_fullStr | Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue |
| title_full_unstemmed | Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue |
| title_short | Tissue Level Mechanical Properties and Extracellular Matrix Investigation of the Bovine Jugular Venous Valve Tissue |
| title_sort | tissue level mechanical properties and extracellular matrix investigation of the bovine jugular venous valve tissue |
| topic | collagen crimp elastin microstructures force-controlled mechanical testing |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2306-5354/6/2/45 |
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