Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks
Globally, both natural water bodies and aquaculture systems are being severely contaminated by heavy metals due to rising anthropogenic activities. Fish living in aquatic environments can easily accumulate metals in their bodies, which can then be transferred to consumers and put them at risk. In th...
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MDPI AG
2022-07-01
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| Series: | Toxics |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/410 |
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| author | Tanha Tahity Md. Rakeb Ul Islam Nurer Zaman Bhuiyan Tasrina Rabia Choudhury Jimmy Yu Md. Abu Noman Mohammad Mozammal Hosen Shamshad B. Quraishi Bilal Ahamad Paray Takaomi Arai Mohammad Belal Hossain |
| author_facet | Tanha Tahity Md. Rakeb Ul Islam Nurer Zaman Bhuiyan Tasrina Rabia Choudhury Jimmy Yu Md. Abu Noman Mohammad Mozammal Hosen Shamshad B. Quraishi Bilal Ahamad Paray Takaomi Arai Mohammad Belal Hossain |
| author_sort | Tanha Tahity |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Globally, both natural water bodies and aquaculture systems are being severely contaminated by heavy metals due to rising anthropogenic activities. Fish living in aquatic environments can easily accumulate metals in their bodies, which can then be transferred to consumers and put them at risk. In this study, metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Mn, Cu, Zn) in different organs (gill, liver, and muscle) of farmed and wild Barramundi (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) fish from the northern Bay of Bengal were evaluated to quantify and compare contamination levels and related human health risk. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in liver tissues of farmed Barramundi than in wild Barramundi, with the following relative mean values in the liver, gills, and muscle: Zn > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cd > Cr > As; Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cd > As; Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As; Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As; and Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As, respectively. The differences in heavy metal accumulation observed between farmed and wild fish were probably related to the differences in their environmental conditions and dietary element concentrations. However, ANOVA indicated that the variation of metals in wild and Barramundi was not statically significant. Pb concentrations in the liver tissue of farmed Barramundi exceeded the national and international threshold limits, whereas concentrations of other metals were within the limit. Among the examined organs in both fish species (wild and farmed), muscle had the lowest concentration compared to others, and liver was the target organ for Pb, Cu, and Cd accumulations. Metals such as Zn and Mn exhibited higher concentration in the gills. However, all the studied heavy metals were below the maximum permissible limits of national and international standards, but the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd values in the liver of farmed Barramundi exceeded all international and national guidelines. Based on the contamination factors (CF) and pollution indices (PLI and MPI), the degree of contamination in the fish organs was as follows: gills > liver > muscle. The major accumulation tissues for both farmed and wild fish were found to be the gills (MPI = 0.970) and the liver (MPI = 0.692). Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI), the fish samples examined in this study are safe for human consumption as within the recommended daily allowance (RDA) range established by various authorities. According to the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) calculations, though the Barramundi fishes depicted no potential hazard to humans, farmed fish posed a higher health risk than wild fish. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T09:48:14Z |
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| spelling | doaj.art-cfa49d8f8e4c4e6e86036fe6bfcd97bf2023-12-02T00:22:49ZengMDPI AGToxics2305-63042022-07-0110841010.3390/toxics10080410Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health RisksTanha Tahity0Md. Rakeb Ul Islam1Nurer Zaman Bhuiyan2Tasrina Rabia Choudhury3Jimmy Yu4Md. Abu Noman5Mohammad Mozammal Hosen6Shamshad B. Quraishi7Bilal Ahamad Paray8Takaomi Arai9Mohammad Belal Hossain10Department of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshIndependent Researcher, Mustankivenkatu 2C 38, 00980 Helsinki, FinlandAnalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshSchool of Engineering and Built Environment, Griffith University, Brisbane, QLD 4111, AustraliaState Key Laboratory of Biogeology and Environmental Geology, China University of Geosciences (Wuhan), Wuhan 430074, ChinaAnalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshAnalytical Chemistry Laboratory, Chemistry Division, Atomic Energy Centre Dhaka (AECD), Bangladesh Atomic Energy Commission, Dhaka 1000, BangladeshDepartment of Zoology, College of Science, King Saud University, P.O. Box 2455, Riyadh 11451, Saudi ArabiaEnvironmental and Life Sciences Programme, Faculty of Science, Universiti Brunei Darussalam, Jalan Tungku Link, Gadong BE1410, BruneiDepartment of Fisheries and Marine Science, Noakhali Science and Technology University, Noakhali 3814, BangladeshGlobally, both natural water bodies and aquaculture systems are being severely contaminated by heavy metals due to rising anthropogenic activities. Fish living in aquatic environments can easily accumulate metals in their bodies, which can then be transferred to consumers and put them at risk. In this study, metal concentrations (Pb, Cd, Cr, As, Mn, Cu, Zn) in different organs (gill, liver, and muscle) of farmed and wild Barramundi (<i>Lates calcarifer</i>) fish from the northern Bay of Bengal were evaluated to quantify and compare contamination levels and related human health risk. Heavy metal concentrations were higher in liver tissues of farmed Barramundi than in wild Barramundi, with the following relative mean values in the liver, gills, and muscle: Zn > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cd > Cr > As; Zn > Cr > Cu > Pb > Mn > Cd > As; Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As; Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As; and Zn > Pb > Cu > Cr > Mn > Cd > As, respectively. The differences in heavy metal accumulation observed between farmed and wild fish were probably related to the differences in their environmental conditions and dietary element concentrations. However, ANOVA indicated that the variation of metals in wild and Barramundi was not statically significant. Pb concentrations in the liver tissue of farmed Barramundi exceeded the national and international threshold limits, whereas concentrations of other metals were within the limit. Among the examined organs in both fish species (wild and farmed), muscle had the lowest concentration compared to others, and liver was the target organ for Pb, Cu, and Cd accumulations. Metals such as Zn and Mn exhibited higher concentration in the gills. However, all the studied heavy metals were below the maximum permissible limits of national and international standards, but the mean concentrations of Pb and Cd values in the liver of farmed Barramundi exceeded all international and national guidelines. Based on the contamination factors (CF) and pollution indices (PLI and MPI), the degree of contamination in the fish organs was as follows: gills > liver > muscle. The major accumulation tissues for both farmed and wild fish were found to be the gills (MPI = 0.970) and the liver (MPI = 0.692). Based on the estimated daily intake (EDI), the fish samples examined in this study are safe for human consumption as within the recommended daily allowance (RDA) range established by various authorities. According to the Target Hazard Quotient (THQ) and Carcinogenic Risk (CR) calculations, though the Barramundi fishes depicted no potential hazard to humans, farmed fish posed a higher health risk than wild fish.https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/410heavy metalsBarramundi fishfarmed fishwild fishhealth risksBangladesh |
| spellingShingle | Tanha Tahity Md. Rakeb Ul Islam Nurer Zaman Bhuiyan Tasrina Rabia Choudhury Jimmy Yu Md. Abu Noman Mohammad Mozammal Hosen Shamshad B. Quraishi Bilal Ahamad Paray Takaomi Arai Mohammad Belal Hossain Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks Toxics heavy metals Barramundi fish farmed fish wild fish health risks Bangladesh |
| title | Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks |
| title_full | Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks |
| title_fullStr | Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks |
| title_full_unstemmed | Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks |
| title_short | Heavy Metals Accumulation in Tissues of Wild and Farmed Barramundi from the Northern Bay of Bengal Coast, and Its Estimated Human Health Risks |
| title_sort | heavy metals accumulation in tissues of wild and farmed barramundi from the northern bay of bengal coast and its estimated human health risks |
| topic | heavy metals Barramundi fish farmed fish wild fish health risks Bangladesh |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2305-6304/10/8/410 |
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