Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey
Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to originate from early universe seed black holes of mass M _BH ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^5 M _⊙ and grown through cosmic time. Such seeds could be powering the active galactic nuclei (AGN) found in today’s dwarf galaxies. However, probing a connection between the ear...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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IOP Publishing
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acae25 |
| _version_ | 1827826794016800768 |
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| author | Mar Mezcua Malgorzata Siudek Hyewon Suh Rosa Valiante Daniele Spinoso Silvia Bonoli |
| author_facet | Mar Mezcua Malgorzata Siudek Hyewon Suh Rosa Valiante Daniele Spinoso Silvia Bonoli |
| author_sort | Mar Mezcua |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Supermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to originate from early universe seed black holes of mass M _BH ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^5 M _⊙ and grown through cosmic time. Such seeds could be powering the active galactic nuclei (AGN) found in today’s dwarf galaxies. However, probing a connection between the early seeds and local SMBHs has not yet been observationally possible. Massive black holes hosted in dwarf galaxies at intermediate redshifts, on the other hand, may represent the evolved counterparts of the seeds formed at very early times. We present a sample of seven broad-line AGN in dwarf galaxies with a spectroscopic redshift ranging from z = 0.35 to z = 0.93. The sources are drawn from the VIPERS survey as having an Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) like stellar mass ( M _∗ ) derived from spectral energy distribution fitting, and they are all star-forming galaxies. Six of these sources are also X-ray AGN. The AGN are powered by SMBHs of >10 ^7 M _⊙ , more massive than expected from the M _BH – M _∗ scaling relation of AGN. Based on semianalytical simulations, we find that these objects are likely overmassive with respect to their hosts since early times ( z > 4), independently of whether they formed as heavy (∼10 ^5 M _⊙ ) or light (∼10 ^2 M _⊙ ) seed black holes. In our simulations, these objects tend to grow faster than their host galaxies, contradicting models of synchronized growth. The host galaxies are found to possibly evolve into massive systems by z ∼ 0, indicating that local SMBHs in massive galaxies could originate in dwarf galaxies hosting seed black holes at higher z . |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:17:27Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfad7f22337041568315759ba2c802ff |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2041-8205 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-12T03:17:27Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | IOP Publishing |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Astrophysical Journal Letters |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfad7f22337041568315759ba2c802ff2023-09-03T14:08:27ZengIOP PublishingThe Astrophysical Journal Letters2041-82052023-01-019431L510.3847/2041-8213/acae25Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS SurveyMar Mezcua0https://orcid.org/0000-0003-4440-259XMalgorzata Siudek1https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2949-2155Hyewon Suh2https://orcid.org/0000-0002-2536-1633Rosa Valiante3https://orcid.org/0000-0003-3050-1765Daniele Spinoso4https://orcid.org/0000-0002-9074-4833Silvia Bonoli5https://orcid.org/0000-0002-6381-2052Institute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Magrans, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain ; marmezcua.astro@gmail.com; Institut d’Estudis Espacials de Catalunya (IEEC) , Carrer Gran Capità, E-08034 Barcelona, SpainInstitute of Space Sciences (ICE, CSIC) , Campus UAB, Carrer de Magrans, E-08193 Barcelona, Spain ; marmezcua.astro@gmail.com; Institut de Física d’Altes Energies , The Barcelona Institute of Science and Technology, E-08193 Bellaterra, SpainGemini Observatory/NSF’s NOIRLab , 670 N. A’ohoku Place, Hilo, HI 96720, USAINAF-Osservatorio Astronomico di Roma , via di Frascati 33, I-00078 Monte Porzio Catone, Italy; INFN , Sezione di Roma I, P.le Aldo Moro 2, I-00185 Roma, ItalyDepartment of Astronomy, 6th floor, MongManWai Building, Tsinghua University , Beijing 100084, People's Republic of ChinaDonostia International Physics Center (DIPC) , Manuel Lardizabal Ibilbidea, 4, Donostia-San Sebastián, Spain; IKERBASQUE, Basque Foundation for Science , E-48013 Bilbao, SpainSupermassive black holes (SMBHs) are thought to originate from early universe seed black holes of mass M _BH ∼ 10 ^2 –10 ^5 M _⊙ and grown through cosmic time. Such seeds could be powering the active galactic nuclei (AGN) found in today’s dwarf galaxies. However, probing a connection between the early seeds and local SMBHs has not yet been observationally possible. Massive black holes hosted in dwarf galaxies at intermediate redshifts, on the other hand, may represent the evolved counterparts of the seeds formed at very early times. We present a sample of seven broad-line AGN in dwarf galaxies with a spectroscopic redshift ranging from z = 0.35 to z = 0.93. The sources are drawn from the VIPERS survey as having an Large Magellanic Cloud (LMC) like stellar mass ( M _∗ ) derived from spectral energy distribution fitting, and they are all star-forming galaxies. Six of these sources are also X-ray AGN. The AGN are powered by SMBHs of >10 ^7 M _⊙ , more massive than expected from the M _BH – M _∗ scaling relation of AGN. Based on semianalytical simulations, we find that these objects are likely overmassive with respect to their hosts since early times ( z > 4), independently of whether they formed as heavy (∼10 ^5 M _⊙ ) or light (∼10 ^2 M _⊙ ) seed black holes. In our simulations, these objects tend to grow faster than their host galaxies, contradicting models of synchronized growth. The host galaxies are found to possibly evolve into massive systems by z ∼ 0, indicating that local SMBHs in massive galaxies could originate in dwarf galaxies hosting seed black holes at higher z .https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acae25Dwarf galaxies |
| spellingShingle | Mar Mezcua Malgorzata Siudek Hyewon Suh Rosa Valiante Daniele Spinoso Silvia Bonoli Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey The Astrophysical Journal Letters Dwarf galaxies |
| title | Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey |
| title_full | Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey |
| title_fullStr | Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey |
| title_full_unstemmed | Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey |
| title_short | Overmassive Black Holes in Dwarf Galaxies Out to z ∼ 0.9 in the VIPERS Survey |
| title_sort | overmassive black holes in dwarf galaxies out to z ∼ 0 9 in the vipers survey |
| topic | Dwarf galaxies |
| url | https://doi.org/10.3847/2041-8213/acae25 |
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