Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China
In China, regional green spaces (RGSs) are green spaces outside urban built-up areas and have a wide distribution, large scale, and outstanding ecological function. RGSs have become increasingly important as urban clusters expand and increase in number. However, studies on RGSs are rare and it remai...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Elsevier
2023-04-01
|
| Series: | Ecological Indicators |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23002005 |
| _version_ | 1797866121442885632 |
|---|---|
| author | Wei Liu Huanxin Li Hao Xu Xiaotong Zhang Yinchao Xie |
| author_facet | Wei Liu Huanxin Li Hao Xu Xiaotong Zhang Yinchao Xie |
| author_sort | Wei Liu |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | In China, regional green spaces (RGSs) are green spaces outside urban built-up areas and have a wide distribution, large scale, and outstanding ecological function. RGSs have become increasingly important as urban clusters expand and increase in number. However, studies on RGSs are rare and it remains unclear what drives their distribution in the context of rapid urbanization. This study used integrated approaches to explore the distribution and driving factors of RGSs in the Nanjing metropolitan area (NMA) between 2000 and 2020, using Landsat image data. Spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of RGSs were obtained using the net change rate index and standard deviational ellipse. The driving factors were identified using Pearson correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS), and geographically weighted regression (GWR). We found that: (1) More RGSs are in the south of the NMA, and less in the north region. A “V” pattern of RGSs area change was observed, with substantial losses shifting from Yangtze River coastline to hilly and mountainous regions from 2000 to 2020. (2) The distribution of RGSs was affected by a combination of physical geographic, socioeconomic, and policy management factors. The functions of these influencing factors have pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity in direction or magnitude. Physical geographic factors including slope and annual precipitation exhibited the strongest correlation with RGSs distribution, and the regression coefficients showed relatively stable spatial performance. Among the socioeconomic factors, the distance from built-up areas and GDP played an important role. Policy management has played a guiding role, and the positive influence generated by dedicated financial expenditure and statutory green space area tends to increase and maintain a balance. The results of this study can help further understand the spatial distribution of RGSs and provide theoretical support for green space construction and ecological management of metropolitan areas during rapid urbanization. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:20:05Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfbac5eb17704508bc638e46ee387aa4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1470-160X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T23:20:05Z |
| publishDate | 2023-04-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Ecological Indicators |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfbac5eb17704508bc638e46ee387aa42023-03-22T04:36:05ZengElsevierEcological Indicators1470-160X2023-04-01148110058Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, ChinaWei Liu0Huanxin Li1Hao Xu2Xiaotong Zhang3Yinchao Xie4College of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, ChinaPower China Municipal Engineering Corporation Limited, Zhuhai, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, China; Corresponding author.Shanghai Key Lab for Urban Ecological Processes and Eco-Restoration, Shanghai, China; College of Ecological and Environmental Sciences, East China Normal University, Shanghai, ChinaCollege of Landscape Architecture, Nanjing Forestry University, Nanjing, ChinaIn China, regional green spaces (RGSs) are green spaces outside urban built-up areas and have a wide distribution, large scale, and outstanding ecological function. RGSs have become increasingly important as urban clusters expand and increase in number. However, studies on RGSs are rare and it remains unclear what drives their distribution in the context of rapid urbanization. This study used integrated approaches to explore the distribution and driving factors of RGSs in the Nanjing metropolitan area (NMA) between 2000 and 2020, using Landsat image data. Spatiotemporal variations in the distribution of RGSs were obtained using the net change rate index and standard deviational ellipse. The driving factors were identified using Pearson correlation, ordinary least squares (OLS), and geographically weighted regression (GWR). We found that: (1) More RGSs are in the south of the NMA, and less in the north region. A “V” pattern of RGSs area change was observed, with substantial losses shifting from Yangtze River coastline to hilly and mountainous regions from 2000 to 2020. (2) The distribution of RGSs was affected by a combination of physical geographic, socioeconomic, and policy management factors. The functions of these influencing factors have pronounced spatiotemporal heterogeneity in direction or magnitude. Physical geographic factors including slope and annual precipitation exhibited the strongest correlation with RGSs distribution, and the regression coefficients showed relatively stable spatial performance. Among the socioeconomic factors, the distance from built-up areas and GDP played an important role. Policy management has played a guiding role, and the positive influence generated by dedicated financial expenditure and statutory green space area tends to increase and maintain a balance. The results of this study can help further understand the spatial distribution of RGSs and provide theoretical support for green space construction and ecological management of metropolitan areas during rapid urbanization.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23002005Regional green spacesSpatiotemporal distributionDriving factorGeographically weighted regressionNanjing metropolitan area |
| spellingShingle | Wei Liu Huanxin Li Hao Xu Xiaotong Zhang Yinchao Xie Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China Ecological Indicators Regional green spaces Spatiotemporal distribution Driving factor Geographically weighted regression Nanjing metropolitan area |
| title | Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China |
| title_full | Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China |
| title_fullStr | Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China |
| title_short | Spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in Nanjing metropolitan area, China |
| title_sort | spatiotemporal distribution and driving factors of regional green spaces during rapid urbanization in nanjing metropolitan area china |
| topic | Regional green spaces Spatiotemporal distribution Driving factor Geographically weighted regression Nanjing metropolitan area |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S1470160X23002005 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT weiliu spatiotemporaldistributionanddrivingfactorsofregionalgreenspacesduringrapidurbanizationinnanjingmetropolitanareachina AT huanxinli spatiotemporaldistributionanddrivingfactorsofregionalgreenspacesduringrapidurbanizationinnanjingmetropolitanareachina AT haoxu spatiotemporaldistributionanddrivingfactorsofregionalgreenspacesduringrapidurbanizationinnanjingmetropolitanareachina AT xiaotongzhang spatiotemporaldistributionanddrivingfactorsofregionalgreenspacesduringrapidurbanizationinnanjingmetropolitanareachina AT yinchaoxie spatiotemporaldistributionanddrivingfactorsofregionalgreenspacesduringrapidurbanizationinnanjingmetropolitanareachina |