Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities
Abstract Background Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communitie...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-03-01
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| Series: | Microbiome |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01473-6 |
| _version_ | 1797864113713446912 |
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| author | Christoph Keuschnig Timothy M. Vogel Elena Barbaro Andrea Spolaor Krystyna Koziol Mats P. Björkman Christian Zdanowicz Jean-Charles Gallet Bartłomiej Luks Rose Layton Catherine Larose |
| author_facet | Christoph Keuschnig Timothy M. Vogel Elena Barbaro Andrea Spolaor Krystyna Koziol Mats P. Björkman Christian Zdanowicz Jean-Charles Gallet Bartłomiej Luks Rose Layton Catherine Larose |
| author_sort | Christoph Keuschnig |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories. Methods We sampled snow from 22 glacier sites on 7 glaciers across Svalbard in April during the maximum snow accumulation period and prior to the melt period to evaluate the factors that drive snowpack metataxonomy. These snowpacks were seasonal, accumulating in early winter on bare ice and firn and completely melting out in autumn. Using a Bayesian fitting strategy to evaluate Hubbell’s Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity at multiple sites, we tested for neutrality and defined immigration rates at different taxonomic levels. Bacterial abundance and diversity were measured and the amount of potential ice-nucleating bacteria was calculated. The chemical composition (anions, cations, organic acids) and particulate impurity load (elemental and organic carbon) of the winter and spring snowpack were also characterized. We used these data in addition to geographical information to assess possible niche-based effects on snow microbial communities using multivariate and variable partitioning analysis. Results While certain taxonomic signals were found to fit the neutral assembly model, clear evidence of niche-based selection was observed at most sites. Inorganic chemistry was not linked directly to diversity, but helped to identify predominant colonization sources and predict microbial abundance, which was tightly linked to sea spray. Organic acids were the most significant predictors of microbial diversity. At low organic acid concentrations, the snow microbial structure represented the seeding community closely, and evolved away from it at higher organic acid concentrations, with concomitant increases in bacterial numbers. Conclusions These results indicate that environmental selection plays a significant role in structuring snow microbial communities and that future studies should focus on activity and growth. Video Abstract |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:46:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfc51785b47048f5a28f2bd4d89470c9 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2049-2618 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T22:46:19Z |
| publishDate | 2023-03-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Microbiome |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfc51785b47048f5a28f2bd4d89470c92023-03-22T11:50:40ZengBMCMicrobiome2049-26182023-03-0111111710.1186/s40168-023-01473-6Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communitiesChristoph Keuschnig0Timothy M. Vogel1Elena Barbaro2Andrea Spolaor3Krystyna Koziol4Mats P. Björkman5Christian Zdanowicz6Jean-Charles Gallet7Bartłomiej Luks8Rose Layton9Catherine Larose10Formerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de LyonUniv Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de LyonInstitute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNRInstitute of Polar Sciences, ISP-CNRDepartment of Environmental Change and Geochemistry, Faculty of Geographical Sciences, the Kazimierz Wielki University in BydgoszczDepartment of Earth Sciences, University of GothenburgDepartment of Earth Sciences, Uppsala UniversityNorwegian Polar InstituteInstitute of Geophysics, Polish Academy of SciencesFormerly at Univ Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de LyonUniv Lyon, CNRS, INSA Lyon, Université Claude Bernard Lyon 1, Ecole Centrale de LyonAbstract Background Arctic snowpack microbial communities are continually subject to dynamic chemical and microbial input from the atmosphere. As such, the factors that contribute to structuring their microbial communities are complex and have yet to be completely resolved. These snowpack communities can be used to evaluate whether they fit niche-based or neutral assembly theories. Methods We sampled snow from 22 glacier sites on 7 glaciers across Svalbard in April during the maximum snow accumulation period and prior to the melt period to evaluate the factors that drive snowpack metataxonomy. These snowpacks were seasonal, accumulating in early winter on bare ice and firn and completely melting out in autumn. Using a Bayesian fitting strategy to evaluate Hubbell’s Unified Neutral Theory of Biodiversity at multiple sites, we tested for neutrality and defined immigration rates at different taxonomic levels. Bacterial abundance and diversity were measured and the amount of potential ice-nucleating bacteria was calculated. The chemical composition (anions, cations, organic acids) and particulate impurity load (elemental and organic carbon) of the winter and spring snowpack were also characterized. We used these data in addition to geographical information to assess possible niche-based effects on snow microbial communities using multivariate and variable partitioning analysis. Results While certain taxonomic signals were found to fit the neutral assembly model, clear evidence of niche-based selection was observed at most sites. Inorganic chemistry was not linked directly to diversity, but helped to identify predominant colonization sources and predict microbial abundance, which was tightly linked to sea spray. Organic acids were the most significant predictors of microbial diversity. At low organic acid concentrations, the snow microbial structure represented the seeding community closely, and evolved away from it at higher organic acid concentrations, with concomitant increases in bacterial numbers. Conclusions These results indicate that environmental selection plays a significant role in structuring snow microbial communities and that future studies should focus on activity and growth. Video Abstracthttps://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01473-6Microbial ecologySnowArcticNiche-based selectionNeutral processes |
| spellingShingle | Christoph Keuschnig Timothy M. Vogel Elena Barbaro Andrea Spolaor Krystyna Koziol Mats P. Björkman Christian Zdanowicz Jean-Charles Gallet Bartłomiej Luks Rose Layton Catherine Larose Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities Microbiome Microbial ecology Snow Arctic Niche-based selection Neutral processes |
| title | Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| title_full | Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| title_fullStr | Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| title_full_unstemmed | Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| title_short | Selection processes of Arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| title_sort | selection processes of arctic seasonal glacier snowpack bacterial communities |
| topic | Microbial ecology Snow Arctic Niche-based selection Neutral processes |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s40168-023-01473-6 |
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