Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China
Despite extensive studies into the characterization of particle number size distributions at ground level, real-time measurements above the urban canopy in the megacity of Beijing have never been performed to date. Here we conducted the first simultaneous measurements of size-resolved particle n...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Copernicus Publications
2017-06-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| Online Access: | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/6797/2017/acp-17-6797-2017.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818315233095057408 |
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| author | W. Du W. Du J. Zhao J. Zhao Y. Wang Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Q. Wang W. Xu W. Xu C. Chen T. Han T. Han F. Zhang Z. Li P. Fu P. Fu J. Li Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun Y. Sun |
| author_facet | W. Du W. Du J. Zhao J. Zhao Y. Wang Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Q. Wang W. Xu W. Xu C. Chen T. Han T. Han F. Zhang Z. Li P. Fu P. Fu J. Li Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun Y. Sun |
| author_sort | W. Du |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Despite extensive studies into the characterization of particle number
size distributions at ground level, real-time measurements above the urban
canopy in the megacity of Beijing have never been performed to date. Here we
conducted the first simultaneous measurements of size-resolved particle
number concentrations at ground level and 260 m in urban Beijing from 22
August to 30 September. Our results showed overall similar temporal
variations in number size distributions between ground level and 260 m, yet
periods with significant differences were also observed. Particularly,
accumulation-mode particles were highly correlated (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0. 85) at the
two heights, while Aitken-mode particles presented more differences. Detailed
analysis suggests that the vertical differences in number concentrations
strongly depended on particle size, and particles with a mobility diameter
between 100 and 200 nm generally showed higher concentrations at higher
altitudes. Particle growth rates and condensation sinks were also calculated,
which were 3.2 and 3.6 nm h<sup>−1</sup>, and 2.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup> and
2.9 × 10<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, at ground level and 260 m, respectively.
By linking particle growth with aerosol composition, we found that organics
appeared to play an important role in the early stage of the growth (09:00–12:00 LT) while sulfate was also important during the later period. Positive
matrix factorization of size-resolved number concentrations identified three
common sources at ground level and 260 m, including a factor associated with
new particle formation and growth events (NPEs), and two secondary factors
that represent photochemical processing and regional transport. Cooking emission was found to have a large contribution to
small particles and showed much higher concentration at ground level than
260 m in the evening. These results imply that
investigation of NPEs at ground level in megacities needs to consider the
influences of local cooking emissions. The impacts of regional emission
controls on particle number concentrations were also illustrated. Our
results showed that regional emission controls have a dominant impact on
accumulation-mode particles by decreasing gas precursors and particulate
matter loadings, and hence suppressing particle growth. In contrast, the
influences on Aitken particles were much smaller due to the enhanced new
particle formation (NPF) events. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:02:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfccd87ee62c42f4b2956651f0b374b4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1680-7316 1680-7324 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-13T09:02:16Z |
| publishDate | 2017-06-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfccd87ee62c42f4b2956651f0b374b42022-12-21T23:53:09ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Chemistry and Physics1680-73161680-73242017-06-01176797681110.5194/acp-17-6797-2017Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, ChinaW. Du0W. Du1J. Zhao2J. Zhao3Y. Wang4Y. Zhang5Y. Zhang6Q. Wang7W. Xu8W. Xu9C. Chen10T. Han11T. Han12F. Zhang13Z. Li14P. Fu15P. Fu16J. Li17Z. Wang18Z. Wang19Y. Sun20Y. Sun21Y. Sun22State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaSchool of Atmospheric Physics, Nanjing University of Information Science and Technology, Nanjing 210044, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCollege of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaCollege of Global Change and Earth System Science, Beijing Normal University, Beijing 100875, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaState Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry, Institute of Atmospheric Physics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100029, ChinaCollege of Earth Sciences, University of Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100049, ChinaCenter for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment, Institute of Urban Environment, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Xiamen 361021, ChinaDespite extensive studies into the characterization of particle number size distributions at ground level, real-time measurements above the urban canopy in the megacity of Beijing have never been performed to date. Here we conducted the first simultaneous measurements of size-resolved particle number concentrations at ground level and 260 m in urban Beijing from 22 August to 30 September. Our results showed overall similar temporal variations in number size distributions between ground level and 260 m, yet periods with significant differences were also observed. Particularly, accumulation-mode particles were highly correlated (<i>r</i><sup>2</sup> = 0. 85) at the two heights, while Aitken-mode particles presented more differences. Detailed analysis suggests that the vertical differences in number concentrations strongly depended on particle size, and particles with a mobility diameter between 100 and 200 nm generally showed higher concentrations at higher altitudes. Particle growth rates and condensation sinks were also calculated, which were 3.2 and 3.6 nm h<sup>−1</sup>, and 2.8 × 10<sup>−2</sup> and 2.9 × 10<sup>−2</sup> s<sup>−1</sup>, at ground level and 260 m, respectively. By linking particle growth with aerosol composition, we found that organics appeared to play an important role in the early stage of the growth (09:00–12:00 LT) while sulfate was also important during the later period. Positive matrix factorization of size-resolved number concentrations identified three common sources at ground level and 260 m, including a factor associated with new particle formation and growth events (NPEs), and two secondary factors that represent photochemical processing and regional transport. Cooking emission was found to have a large contribution to small particles and showed much higher concentration at ground level than 260 m in the evening. These results imply that investigation of NPEs at ground level in megacities needs to consider the influences of local cooking emissions. The impacts of regional emission controls on particle number concentrations were also illustrated. Our results showed that regional emission controls have a dominant impact on accumulation-mode particles by decreasing gas precursors and particulate matter loadings, and hence suppressing particle growth. In contrast, the influences on Aitken particles were much smaller due to the enhanced new particle formation (NPF) events.http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/6797/2017/acp-17-6797-2017.pdf |
| spellingShingle | W. Du W. Du J. Zhao J. Zhao Y. Wang Y. Zhang Y. Zhang Q. Wang W. Xu W. Xu C. Chen T. Han T. Han F. Zhang Z. Li P. Fu P. Fu J. Li Z. Wang Z. Wang Y. Sun Y. Sun Y. Sun Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China Atmospheric Chemistry and Physics |
| title | Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China |
| title_full | Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China |
| title_fullStr | Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China |
| title_full_unstemmed | Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China |
| title_short | Simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban Beijing, China |
| title_sort | simultaneous measurements of particle number size distributions at ground level and 260 m on a meteorological tower in urban beijing china |
| url | http://www.atmos-chem-phys.net/17/6797/2017/acp-17-6797-2017.pdf |
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