Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro
Bovine mastitis is a common infectious disease which causes huge economic losses in dairy cattle. Bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) damage usually directly causes the decrease of milk production, which is one of the most important causes of economic loss. NETs, novel effector mechanisms, are rep...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2019-05-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01003/full |
| _version_ | 1811276048344547328 |
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| author | Zhengkai Wei Zhengkai Wei Jingjing Wang Yanan Wang Chaoqun Wang Xiao Liu Zhen Han Yunhe Fu Zhengtao Yang Zhengtao Yang |
| author_facet | Zhengkai Wei Zhengkai Wei Jingjing Wang Yanan Wang Chaoqun Wang Xiao Liu Zhen Han Yunhe Fu Zhengtao Yang Zhengtao Yang |
| author_sort | Zhengkai Wei |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bovine mastitis is a common infectious disease which causes huge economic losses in dairy cattle. Bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) damage usually directly causes the decrease of milk production, which is one of the most important causes of economic loss. NETs, novel effector mechanisms, are reported to exacerbate the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. NETs formation has also been observed in the milk and mammary glands of sheep. However, the effects and detailed mechanisms of NETs on BMEC damage remain unclear. Thus, we aim to examine the effects of NETs on BMECs in vitro, and further to investigate the detail mechanism. In this study, the cytotoxicity of NETs on BMECs was determined using lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture supernatants. Histone-induced BMEC damage was examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The activities of caspase 1, caspase 3, caspase 11, and NLRP3 was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that NETs and their component histone significantly increased cytotoxicity to BMECs, suggesting the critical role of NETs, and their component histone in BMEC damage. In addition, histone could also induce necrosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis of BMECs, and the mechanisms by which histone leads to BMEC damage occurred via activating caspase 1, caspase 3, and NLRP3. Altogether, NETs formation regulates inflammation and BMEC damage in mastitis. Inhibiting excess NETs formation may be useful to ameliorate mammary gland damage associated with mastitis. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:49:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfcd2419415a49b5b232efb56a0722bf |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T23:49:36Z |
| publishDate | 2019-05-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfcd2419415a49b5b232efb56a0722bf2022-12-22T03:11:44ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242019-05-011010.3389/fimmu.2019.01003427204Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitroZhengkai Wei0Zhengkai Wei1Jingjing Wang2Yanan Wang3Chaoqun Wang4Xiao Liu5Zhen Han6Yunhe Fu7Zhengtao Yang8Zhengtao Yang9College of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaCollege of Life Sciences and Engineering, Foshan University, Foshan, ChinaCollege of Veterinary Medicine, Jilin University, Changchun, ChinaBovine mastitis is a common infectious disease which causes huge economic losses in dairy cattle. Bovine mammary epithelial cell (BMEC) damage usually directly causes the decrease of milk production, which is one of the most important causes of economic loss. NETs, novel effector mechanisms, are reported to exacerbate the pathogenesis of several inflammatory diseases. NETs formation has also been observed in the milk and mammary glands of sheep. However, the effects and detailed mechanisms of NETs on BMEC damage remain unclear. Thus, we aim to examine the effects of NETs on BMECs in vitro, and further to investigate the detail mechanism. In this study, the cytotoxicity of NETs on BMECs was determined using lactic dehydrogenase (LDH) levels in culture supernatants. Histone-induced BMEC damage was examined by flow cytometry and immunofluorescence analysis. The activities of caspase 1, caspase 3, caspase 11, and NLRP3 was detected using western blotting and immunohistochemical analysis. The results showed that NETs and their component histone significantly increased cytotoxicity to BMECs, suggesting the critical role of NETs, and their component histone in BMEC damage. In addition, histone could also induce necrosis, pyroptosis, and apoptosis of BMECs, and the mechanisms by which histone leads to BMEC damage occurred via activating caspase 1, caspase 3, and NLRP3. Altogether, NETs formation regulates inflammation and BMEC damage in mastitis. Inhibiting excess NETs formation may be useful to ameliorate mammary gland damage associated with mastitis.https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01003/fullNETsbovine mastitisBMECspyroptosisNLRP3 |
| spellingShingle | Zhengkai Wei Zhengkai Wei Jingjing Wang Yanan Wang Chaoqun Wang Xiao Liu Zhen Han Yunhe Fu Zhengtao Yang Zhengtao Yang Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro Frontiers in Immunology NETs bovine mastitis BMECs pyroptosis NLRP3 |
| title | Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro |
| title_full | Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro |
| title_short | Effects of Neutrophil Extracellular Traps on Bovine Mammary Epithelial Cells in vitro |
| title_sort | effects of neutrophil extracellular traps on bovine mammary epithelial cells in vitro |
| topic | NETs bovine mastitis BMECs pyroptosis NLRP3 |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fimmu.2019.01003/full |
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