Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria
This study evaluated the fermentation quality, nutritive profile, in vitro fermentation, and microbial communities colonising sorghum ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture (chopped beans, carrot, and onion (1:1:1) ) including: (1)−100% sorghum; (2)−80% sorghum + 20% vegetable mix or (3)−60% so...
| Main Authors: | , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Fermentation |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/699 |
| _version_ | 1797459151453945856 |
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| author | Daniel L. Forwood Devin B. Holman Sarah J. Meale Alex V. Chaves |
| author_facet | Daniel L. Forwood Devin B. Holman Sarah J. Meale Alex V. Chaves |
| author_sort | Daniel L. Forwood |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | This study evaluated the fermentation quality, nutritive profile, in vitro fermentation, and microbial communities colonising sorghum ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture (chopped beans, carrot, and onion (1:1:1) ) including: (1)−100% sorghum; (2)−80% sorghum + 20% vegetable mix or (3)−60% sorghum + 40% vegetable mix, on a dry matter (DM) basis, with or without a probiotic inoculant. Samples were obtained across 0, 1, 3, 5,7, and 101 days ensiling and after 14 d aerobic exposure. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS1 region were sequenced to profile bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Compared to the 0% DM, ethanol increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) from 8.42 to 20.4 ± 1.32 mM with 40% DM vegetable mix inclusion, while lactate decreased from 5.93 to 2.24 ± 0.26 mM. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that relative abundances of 12 bacterial taxa were influenced by silage treatments (log LDA score ≥ 4.02; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.03), while predicted functional pathways of alternative carbohydrate metabolism (hexitol, sulfoquinovose and glycerol degradation; N-acetyl glucosamine biosynthesis; log LDA score ≥ 2.04; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.02) were similarly enriched. This study indicated that carbohydrate metabolism by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria can increase the feed value of sorghum when ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture at 40%DM, without requiring a high quantity of lactate. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:19Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfcec3b8000649829579059316201765 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2311-5637 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T16:47:19Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Fermentation |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfcec3b80006498295790593162017652023-11-24T14:45:16ZengMDPI AGFermentation2311-56372022-12-0181269910.3390/fermentation8120699Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid BacteriaDaniel L. Forwood0Devin B. Holman1Sarah J. Meale2Alex V. Chaves3School of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaLacombe Research and Development Centre, Agriculture and Agri-Food Canada, Lacombe, AB T4L 1V7, CanadaSchool of Agriculture and Food Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Queensland, Gatton, QLD 4343, AustraliaSchool of Life and Environmental Sciences, Faculty of Science, The University of Sydney, Sydney, NSW 2006, AustraliaThis study evaluated the fermentation quality, nutritive profile, in vitro fermentation, and microbial communities colonising sorghum ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture (chopped beans, carrot, and onion (1:1:1) ) including: (1)−100% sorghum; (2)−80% sorghum + 20% vegetable mix or (3)−60% sorghum + 40% vegetable mix, on a dry matter (DM) basis, with or without a probiotic inoculant. Samples were obtained across 0, 1, 3, 5,7, and 101 days ensiling and after 14 d aerobic exposure. The V4 region of the 16S rRNA gene and the ITS1 region were sequenced to profile bacterial, archaeal, and fungal communities. Compared to the 0% DM, ethanol increased (<i>p</i> < 0.01) from 8.42 to 20.4 ± 1.32 mM with 40% DM vegetable mix inclusion, while lactate decreased from 5.93 to 2.24 ± 0.26 mM. Linear discriminant analysis revealed that relative abundances of 12 bacterial taxa were influenced by silage treatments (log LDA score ≥ 4.02; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.03), while predicted functional pathways of alternative carbohydrate metabolism (hexitol, sulfoquinovose and glycerol degradation; N-acetyl glucosamine biosynthesis; log LDA score ≥ 2.04; <i>p</i> ≤ 0.02) were similarly enriched. This study indicated that carbohydrate metabolism by heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria can increase the feed value of sorghum when ensiled with an unsalable vegetable mixture at 40%DM, without requiring a high quantity of lactate.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/69916S rRNA sequencingunsalable vegetable silagelactic acid bacteriasilage microbial profileaerobic stability |
| spellingShingle | Daniel L. Forwood Devin B. Holman Sarah J. Meale Alex V. Chaves Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria Fermentation 16S rRNA sequencing unsalable vegetable silage lactic acid bacteria silage microbial profile aerobic stability |
| title | Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_full | Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_fullStr | Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_full_unstemmed | Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_short | Ensiled Mixed Vegetables Enriched Carbohydrate Metabolism in Heterofermentative Lactic Acid Bacteria |
| title_sort | ensiled mixed vegetables enriched carbohydrate metabolism in heterofermentative lactic acid bacteria |
| topic | 16S rRNA sequencing unsalable vegetable silage lactic acid bacteria silage microbial profile aerobic stability |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5637/8/12/699 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT daniellforwood ensiledmixedvegetablesenrichedcarbohydratemetabolisminheterofermentativelacticacidbacteria AT devinbholman ensiledmixedvegetablesenrichedcarbohydratemetabolisminheterofermentativelacticacidbacteria AT sarahjmeale ensiledmixedvegetablesenrichedcarbohydratemetabolisminheterofermentativelacticacidbacteria AT alexvchaves ensiledmixedvegetablesenrichedcarbohydratemetabolisminheterofermentativelacticacidbacteria |