| Summary: | Attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity is the most common neuropsychiatric condition in childhood. Nevertheless, its strangest clinical form is the one presented in isolation, that is, limited to the manifestations of the disorder as such. The comorbid association between sleep-related breathing disorders and attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity affects approximately 30% of patients, making it necessary to systematically evaluate children suspected of this disorder in a search for sleep alterations, especially obstructive sleep apnea syndrome, as these two processes share common neurobiological mechanisms. In addition, there is an overlap of both symptoms. The timely diagnosis and treatment of obstructive sleep apnea syndrome in patients with clinical manifestations consistent with attention deficit disorder with or without hyperactivity, is often associated with an improvement in symptoms and a decrease in the need for stimulant medication.
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