Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination
Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
MDPI AG
2023-09-01
|
| Series: | Sensors |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8201 |
| _version_ | 1827722229439266816 |
|---|---|
| author | Vasanth Magesh Vishaka S. Kothari Dhanraj Ganapathy Raji Atchudan Sandeep Arya Deepak Nallaswamy Ashok K. Sundramoorthy |
| author_facet | Vasanth Magesh Vishaka S. Kothari Dhanraj Ganapathy Raji Atchudan Sandeep Arya Deepak Nallaswamy Ashok K. Sundramoorthy |
| author_sort | Vasanth Magesh |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Alcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could contribute to maintaining good health. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor for the determination of ethanol in human salivary samples. Initially, the tetra-chloroauric acid (HAuCl<sub>4</sub>) was chemically reduced using sparfloxacin (Sp) which also served as a stabilizing agent for the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As-prepared Sp-AuNPs were comprehensively characterized and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping analysis. The average particle size (~25 nm) and surface charge (negative) of Sp-AuNPs were determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. An activated screen-printed carbon electrode (A-SPE) was modified using Sp-AuNPs dispersion, which exhibited greater electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity for ethanol (EtOH) oxidation in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed a linear response for EtOH from 25 µM to 350 µM with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 µM. Reproducibility and repeatability studies revealed that the Sp-AuNPs/A-SPEs were highly stable and very sensitive to EtOH detection. Additionally, the successful electrochemical determination of EtOH in a saliva sample was carried out. The recovery rate of EtOH spiked in the saliva sample was found to be 99.6%. Thus, the incorporation of Sp-AuNPs within sensors could provide new possibilities in the development of ethanol sensors with an improved level of precision and accuracy. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:35:02Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfd89d1302f84138919f8d9edd208652 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T21:35:02Z |
| publishDate | 2023-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfd89d1302f84138919f8d9edd2086522023-11-19T15:04:11ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202023-09-012319820110.3390/s23198201Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol DeterminationVasanth Magesh0Vishaka S. Kothari1Dhanraj Ganapathy2Raji Atchudan3Sandeep Arya4Deepak Nallaswamy5Ashok K. Sundramoorthy6Centre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, IndiaCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, IndiaCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, IndiaSchool of Chemical Engineering, Yeungnam University, Gyeongsan 38541, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Physics, University of Jammu, Jammu 180006, IndiaCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, IndiaCentre for Nano-Biosensors, Department of Prosthodontics, Saveetha Institute of Medical and Technical Sciences, Saveetha Dental College and Hospitals, 162 Poonamallee High Road, Velappanchavadi, Chennai 600077, IndiaAlcohol is a dangerous substance causing global mortality and health issues, including mental health problems. Regular alcohol consumption can lead to depression, anxiety, cognitive decline, and increased risk of alcohol-related disorders. Thus, monitoring ethanol levels in biological samples could contribute to maintaining good health. Herein, we developed an electrochemical sensor for the determination of ethanol in human salivary samples. Initially, the tetra-chloroauric acid (HAuCl<sub>4</sub>) was chemically reduced using sparfloxacin (Sp) which also served as a stabilizing agent for the gold nanoparticles (AuNPs). As-prepared Sp-AuNPs were comprehensively characterized and confirmed by UV-visible spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction, field emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM), energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDS), and elemental mapping analysis. The average particle size (~25 nm) and surface charge (negative) of Sp-AuNPs were determined by using dynamic light scattering (DLS) and Zeta potential measurements. An activated screen-printed carbon electrode (A-SPE) was modified using Sp-AuNPs dispersion, which exhibited greater electrocatalytic activity and sensitivity for ethanol (EtOH) oxidation in 0.1 M sodium hydroxide (NaOH) as studied by cyclic voltammetry (CV) and differential pulse voltammetry (DPV). DPV showed a linear response for EtOH from 25 µM to 350 µM with the lowest limit of detection (LOD) of 0.55 µM. Reproducibility and repeatability studies revealed that the Sp-AuNPs/A-SPEs were highly stable and very sensitive to EtOH detection. Additionally, the successful electrochemical determination of EtOH in a saliva sample was carried out. The recovery rate of EtOH spiked in the saliva sample was found to be 99.6%. Thus, the incorporation of Sp-AuNPs within sensors could provide new possibilities in the development of ethanol sensors with an improved level of precision and accuracy.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8201gold nanoparticlessparfloxacinchemical synthesisscreen-printed electrodeethanol sensor |
| spellingShingle | Vasanth Magesh Vishaka S. Kothari Dhanraj Ganapathy Raji Atchudan Sandeep Arya Deepak Nallaswamy Ashok K. Sundramoorthy Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination Sensors gold nanoparticles sparfloxacin chemical synthesis screen-printed electrode ethanol sensor |
| title | Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination |
| title_full | Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination |
| title_fullStr | Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination |
| title_full_unstemmed | Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination |
| title_short | Using Sparfloxacin-Capped Gold Nanoparticles to Modify a Screen-Printed Carbon Electrode Sensor for Ethanol Determination |
| title_sort | using sparfloxacin capped gold nanoparticles to modify a screen printed carbon electrode sensor for ethanol determination |
| topic | gold nanoparticles sparfloxacin chemical synthesis screen-printed electrode ethanol sensor |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/23/19/8201 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT vasanthmagesh usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT vishakaskothari usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT dhanrajganapathy usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT rajiatchudan usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT sandeeparya usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT deepaknallaswamy usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination AT ashokksundramoorthy usingsparfloxacincappedgoldnanoparticlestomodifyascreenprintedcarbonelectrodesensorforethanoldetermination |