Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study
Metabolic traits are associated with the risk of developing glaucoma in observational studies. To assess whether theses associations reflect causality, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Our study included up to 20,906 glaucoma cases and 438,188 controls. Genetic instruments associat...
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MDPI AG
2023-01-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/109 |
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| author | Kai Wang Fangkun Yang Xin Liu Xueqi Lin Houfa Yin Qiaomei Tang Li Jiang Ke Yao |
| author_facet | Kai Wang Fangkun Yang Xin Liu Xueqi Lin Houfa Yin Qiaomei Tang Li Jiang Ke Yao |
| author_sort | Kai Wang |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Metabolic traits are associated with the risk of developing glaucoma in observational studies. To assess whether theses associations reflect causality, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Our study included up to 20,906 glaucoma cases and 438,188 controls. Genetic instruments associated with the concerned 11 exposures at the genome-wide significance level were selected from corresponding genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for glaucoma were obtained from the UK Biobank, the GERA study, and the FinnGen consortium. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted separately in two populations. Our results showed that higher genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (T2D) was causally and independently associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.16; <i>p</i> = 4.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). The association for T2D persisted after multivariable adjustment. In addition, higher genetically predicted systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose (FG), and HbA1c, were also suggestively associated with glaucoma risk. The OR was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01–1.16; <i>p</i> = 0.035) for SBP, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05–1.47; <i>p</i> = 0.011) for FG, and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01–1.61; <i>p</i> = 0.039) for HbA1c. No evidence was observed to support the causal effects of body mass index and blood lipids for glaucoma. This study suggests a causal role for diabetes, as well as possible roles for higher SBP, FG, and HbA1c in the development of glaucoma. Further validation is needed to assess the potential of these risk factors as pharmacological targets for glaucoma prevention. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:53Z |
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| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:42:53Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
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| series | Metabolites |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfe17e0104504c0ba7d05877e331f1552023-11-30T23:29:07ZengMDPI AGMetabolites2218-19892023-01-0113110910.3390/metabo13010109Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization StudyKai Wang0Fangkun Yang1Xin Liu2Xueqi Lin3Houfa Yin4Qiaomei Tang5Li Jiang6Ke Yao7Eye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Cardiology, Ningbo First Hospital, Ningbo 315010, ChinaEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaDepartment of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology, School of Basic Medical Sciences, Hangzhou Normal University, Hangzhou 311121, ChinaEye Center of the Second Affiliated Hospital, School of Medicine, Zhejiang University, Hangzhou 310009, ChinaMetabolic traits are associated with the risk of developing glaucoma in observational studies. To assess whether theses associations reflect causality, we conducted a Mendelian randomization (MR) study. Our study included up to 20,906 glaucoma cases and 438,188 controls. Genetic instruments associated with the concerned 11 exposures at the genome-wide significance level were selected from corresponding genome-wide association studies. Summary-level data for glaucoma were obtained from the UK Biobank, the GERA study, and the FinnGen consortium. Univariable and multivariable MR analyses were conducted separately in two populations. Our results showed that higher genetic liability to type 2 diabetes (T2D) was causally and independently associated with an increased risk of glaucoma (odds ratio [OR], 1.11; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.06–1.16; <i>p</i> = 4.4 × 10<sup>−6</sup>). The association for T2D persisted after multivariable adjustment. In addition, higher genetically predicted systolic blood pressure (SBP), fasting glucose (FG), and HbA1c, were also suggestively associated with glaucoma risk. The OR was 1.08 (95% CI, 1.01–1.16; <i>p</i> = 0.035) for SBP, 1.24 (95% CI, 1.05–1.47; <i>p</i> = 0.011) for FG, and 1.28 (95% CI, 1.01–1.61; <i>p</i> = 0.039) for HbA1c. No evidence was observed to support the causal effects of body mass index and blood lipids for glaucoma. This study suggests a causal role for diabetes, as well as possible roles for higher SBP, FG, and HbA1c in the development of glaucoma. Further validation is needed to assess the potential of these risk factors as pharmacological targets for glaucoma prevention.https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/109glaucomametabolic traitstype 2 diabetesblood pressureblood lipidMendelian randomization |
| spellingShingle | Kai Wang Fangkun Yang Xin Liu Xueqi Lin Houfa Yin Qiaomei Tang Li Jiang Ke Yao Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study Metabolites glaucoma metabolic traits type 2 diabetes blood pressure blood lipid Mendelian randomization |
| title | Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_full | Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_fullStr | Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_short | Appraising the Effects of Metabolic Traits on the Risk of Glaucoma: A Mendelian Randomization Study |
| title_sort | appraising the effects of metabolic traits on the risk of glaucoma a mendelian randomization study |
| topic | glaucoma metabolic traits type 2 diabetes blood pressure blood lipid Mendelian randomization |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2218-1989/13/1/109 |
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