Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake
The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of graded dietary lead (Pb) concentrations on body weight and Pb concentrations in blood, hair, soft tissues, and urine from pigs and to generate equations for estimating daily Pb intake. Sixteen barrows with initial body weight 36.3 kg...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
PeerJ Inc.
2017-11-01
|
| Series: | PeerJ |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/3936.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797417825084637184 |
|---|---|
| author | Kondreddy Eswar Reddy Kyu Ree Park Sung Dae Lee Ji-Hyock Yoo Ah Reum Son Hyun-Jung Lee |
| author_facet | Kondreddy Eswar Reddy Kyu Ree Park Sung Dae Lee Ji-Hyock Yoo Ah Reum Son Hyun-Jung Lee |
| author_sort | Kondreddy Eswar Reddy |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | The objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of graded dietary lead (Pb) concentrations on body weight and Pb concentrations in blood, hair, soft tissues, and urine from pigs and to generate equations for estimating daily Pb intake. Sixteen barrows with initial body weight 36.3 kg (standard deviation = 2.3) were allotted to four dietary treatments that consisted of graded supplemental Pb concentrations (0, 10, 25, and 250 mg/kg of diet). Daily feed allowances for each pig were 1 kg for first two weeks and 2 kg for last two weeks. The hair and blood of pigs were collected on d 14 and 28. At the end of experiment, the pigs were euthanized, and the liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine samples were collected. The prediction equations for estimating daily Pb intake of pigs were generated using Pb concentration of blood, hair, tissues, or urine as an independent variable. The Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary Pb concentrations. There were quadratic effects (P < 0.05) of increasing dietary Pb concentration on Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, and muscle. There were highly positive correlations between dietary Pb concentration and Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine (r > 0.83; P < 0.01). The equations were significant (P < 0.01) and showed high r2 (>0.83), except the equation using Pb concentration in the muscle as an independent variable. In conclusion, the dietary Pb concentration was highly correlated with Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, soft tissues, and urine of pigs. The total dietary Pb intake can be estimated from the Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, soft tissues, or urine for pigs. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:24:14Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cfec89931d7e47079b001fd271b46c39 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T06:24:14Z |
| publishDate | 2017-11-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PeerJ |
| spelling | doaj.art-cfec89931d7e47079b001fd271b46c392023-12-03T11:29:43ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592017-11-015e393610.7717/peerj.3936Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intakeKondreddy Eswar Reddy0Kyu Ree Park1Sung Dae Lee2Ji-Hyock Yoo3Ah Reum Son4Hyun-Jung Lee5Animal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Animal Science and Technology, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaAnimal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of KoreaDepartment of Agro-food Safety, National Institute of Agricultural Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of KoreaMonogastric Animal Feed Research Institute, Konkuk University, Seoul, Republic of KoreaAnimal Nutritional Physiology Team, National Institute of Animal Science, Rural Development Administration, Wanju-gun, Republic of KoreaThe objectives of this experiment were to determine the effects of graded dietary lead (Pb) concentrations on body weight and Pb concentrations in blood, hair, soft tissues, and urine from pigs and to generate equations for estimating daily Pb intake. Sixteen barrows with initial body weight 36.3 kg (standard deviation = 2.3) were allotted to four dietary treatments that consisted of graded supplemental Pb concentrations (0, 10, 25, and 250 mg/kg of diet). Daily feed allowances for each pig were 1 kg for first two weeks and 2 kg for last two weeks. The hair and blood of pigs were collected on d 14 and 28. At the end of experiment, the pigs were euthanized, and the liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine samples were collected. The prediction equations for estimating daily Pb intake of pigs were generated using Pb concentration of blood, hair, tissues, or urine as an independent variable. The Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine linearly increased (P < 0.01) with increasing dietary Pb concentrations. There were quadratic effects (P < 0.05) of increasing dietary Pb concentration on Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, and muscle. There were highly positive correlations between dietary Pb concentration and Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, liver, kidneys, muscle, and urine (r > 0.83; P < 0.01). The equations were significant (P < 0.01) and showed high r2 (>0.83), except the equation using Pb concentration in the muscle as an independent variable. In conclusion, the dietary Pb concentration was highly correlated with Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, soft tissues, and urine of pigs. The total dietary Pb intake can be estimated from the Pb concentrations in the blood, hair, soft tissues, or urine for pigs.https://peerj.com/articles/3936.pdfPigsLead concentrationPrediction equationLead accumulationTissues |
| spellingShingle | Kondreddy Eswar Reddy Kyu Ree Park Sung Dae Lee Ji-Hyock Yoo Ah Reum Son Hyun-Jung Lee Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake PeerJ Pigs Lead concentration Prediction equation Lead accumulation Tissues |
| title | Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| title_full | Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| title_fullStr | Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| title_short | Effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| title_sort | effects of graded concentrations of supplemental lead on lead concentrations in tissues of pigs and prediction equations for estimating dietary lead intake |
| topic | Pigs Lead concentration Prediction equation Lead accumulation Tissues |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/3936.pdf |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kondreddyeswarreddy effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake AT kyureepark effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake AT sungdaelee effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake AT jihyockyoo effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake AT ahreumson effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake AT hyunjunglee effectsofgradedconcentrationsofsupplementalleadonleadconcentrationsintissuesofpigsandpredictionequationsforestimatingdietaryleadintake |