Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution
Sodium polyacrylate is the superabsorbent waterlock polymer used in disposable diapers, which are the third largest single consumer item in landfills. As diapers are difficult to recycle, their use produces an incredible amount of environmental waste. In the present article, we present a reliable an...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2021-09-01
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| Series: | C |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/69 |
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| author | Georgios Asimakopoulos Angeliki Karakassides Maria Baikousi Christina Gioti Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Alexios P. Douvalis Constantinos E. Salmas Michael A. Karakassides |
| author_facet | Georgios Asimakopoulos Angeliki Karakassides Maria Baikousi Christina Gioti Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Alexios P. Douvalis Constantinos E. Salmas Michael A. Karakassides |
| author_sort | Georgios Asimakopoulos |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Sodium polyacrylate is the superabsorbent waterlock polymer used in disposable diapers, which are the third largest single consumer item in landfills. As diapers are difficult to recycle, their use produces an incredible amount of environmental waste. In the present article, we present a reliable and facile approach to transform sodium polyacrylate, the main constitute in the used diapers, in a carbon-based magnetic sorbent material, capable for use in environmental applications. A nanoporous carbon magnetic hybrid material was prepared by reacting NaPA with iron acetate species under chemical activation conditions. Analysis of the characterization results revealed, the creation of a nanoporous structure, with high specific surface area value (S<sub>gBET</sub> = 611 m<sup>2</sup>/g), along with the formation of nanosized zero valent iron nanoparticles and iron carbide (Fe<sub>3</sub>C), inside the carbon pore system. <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy verified also the existence of these two main iron-bearing phases, as well as additional minor magnetic phases, such as Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements of the obtained hybrid confirmed its ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic behavior. The hybrid material demonstrated a rapid sorption of Cr(VI) ions (adsorption capacity: 90 mg/g, 24 h, pH = 3). The results showed highly pH-dependent sorption efficiency of the hybrids, whereas a pseudo-second-order kinetic model described their kinetics. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:09Z |
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| issn | 2311-5629 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T04:32:09Z |
| publishDate | 2021-09-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | C |
| spelling | doaj.art-cff66b8e1d93496381555a1880f2eadc2023-11-23T04:08:13ZengMDPI AGC2311-56292021-09-01746910.3390/c7040069Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous SolutionGeorgios Asimakopoulos0Angeliki Karakassides1Maria Baikousi2Christina Gioti3Dimitrios Moschovas4Apostolos Avgeropoulos5Athanasios B. Bourlinos6Alexios P. Douvalis7Constantinos E. Salmas8Michael A. Karakassides9Department of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreecePhysics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreecePhysics Department, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceDepartment of Materials Science & Engineering, University of Ioannina, 45110 Ioannina, GreeceSodium polyacrylate is the superabsorbent waterlock polymer used in disposable diapers, which are the third largest single consumer item in landfills. As diapers are difficult to recycle, their use produces an incredible amount of environmental waste. In the present article, we present a reliable and facile approach to transform sodium polyacrylate, the main constitute in the used diapers, in a carbon-based magnetic sorbent material, capable for use in environmental applications. A nanoporous carbon magnetic hybrid material was prepared by reacting NaPA with iron acetate species under chemical activation conditions. Analysis of the characterization results revealed, the creation of a nanoporous structure, with high specific surface area value (S<sub>gBET</sub> = 611 m<sup>2</sup>/g), along with the formation of nanosized zero valent iron nanoparticles and iron carbide (Fe<sub>3</sub>C), inside the carbon pore system. <sup>57</sup>Fe Mössbauer spectroscopy verified also the existence of these two main iron-bearing phases, as well as additional minor magnetic phases, such as Fe<sub>3</sub>O<sub>4</sub> and γ-Fe<sub>2</sub>O<sub>3</sub>. Vibrating sample magnetometry (VSM) measurements of the obtained hybrid confirmed its ferromagnetic/ferrimagnetic behavior. The hybrid material demonstrated a rapid sorption of Cr(VI) ions (adsorption capacity: 90 mg/g, 24 h, pH = 3). The results showed highly pH-dependent sorption efficiency of the hybrids, whereas a pseudo-second-order kinetic model described their kinetics.https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/69carbonmagneticnanoporoussuperabsorbent polymershexavalent chromiumadsorption |
| spellingShingle | Georgios Asimakopoulos Angeliki Karakassides Maria Baikousi Christina Gioti Dimitrios Moschovas Apostolos Avgeropoulos Athanasios B. Bourlinos Alexios P. Douvalis Constantinos E. Salmas Michael A. Karakassides Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution C carbon magnetic nanoporous superabsorbent polymers hexavalent chromium adsorption |
| title | Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full | Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution |
| title_fullStr | Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution |
| title_full_unstemmed | Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution |
| title_short | Nanoporous Carbon Magnetic Hybrid Derived from Waterlock Polymers and Its Application for Hexavalent Chromium Removal from Aqueous Solution |
| title_sort | nanoporous carbon magnetic hybrid derived from waterlock polymers and its application for hexavalent chromium removal from aqueous solution |
| topic | carbon magnetic nanoporous superabsorbent polymers hexavalent chromium adsorption |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2311-5629/7/4/69 |
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