Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes
Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a clinically approved cancer immunotherapy approach using genetically engineered T cells. The success of CAR T cells has been met with challenges regarding efficacy and safety. Although a broad spectrum of CAR T cell variants and applications is emer...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Sciendo
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Radiology and Oncology |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2022-0049 |
| _version_ | 1797848533648277504 |
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| author | Smole Anze |
| author_facet | Smole Anze |
| author_sort | Smole Anze |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Chimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a clinically approved cancer immunotherapy approach using genetically engineered T cells. The success of CAR T cells has been met with challenges regarding efficacy and safety. Although a broad spectrum of CAR T cell variants and applications is emerging, this review focuses on CAR T cells for the treatment of cancer. In the first part, the general principles of adoptive cell transfer, the architecture of the CAR molecule, and the effects of design on function are presented. The second part describes five conceptual challenges that hinder the success of CAR T cells; immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, T cell intrinsic properties, tumour targeting, manufacturing cellular product, and immune-related adverse events. Throughout the review, selected current approaches to address these issues are presented. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:30:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cff800df31e24abea66a972c96b9666c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1581-3207 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T18:30:13Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Sciendo |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Radiology and Oncology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cff800df31e24abea66a972c96b9666c2023-04-11T17:19:28ZengSciendoRadiology and Oncology1581-32072022-12-0156440941910.2478/raon-2022-0049Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routesSmole Anze0Immunology and Cellular Immunotherapy (ICI) Group, Department of Genetic Toxicology and Cancer Biology, National Institute of Biology, Ljubljana, SloveniaChimeric antigen receptor (CAR) T cell therapy is a clinically approved cancer immunotherapy approach using genetically engineered T cells. The success of CAR T cells has been met with challenges regarding efficacy and safety. Although a broad spectrum of CAR T cell variants and applications is emerging, this review focuses on CAR T cells for the treatment of cancer. In the first part, the general principles of adoptive cell transfer, the architecture of the CAR molecule, and the effects of design on function are presented. The second part describes five conceptual challenges that hinder the success of CAR T cells; immunosuppressive tumour microenvironment, T cell intrinsic properties, tumour targeting, manufacturing cellular product, and immune-related adverse events. Throughout the review, selected current approaches to address these issues are presented.https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2022-0049chimeric antigen receptoradoptive cell therapycancercellular immunotherapygene-engineered immune cells |
| spellingShingle | Smole Anze Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes Radiology and Oncology chimeric antigen receptor adoptive cell therapy cancer cellular immunotherapy gene-engineered immune cells |
| title | Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes |
| title_full | Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes |
| title_fullStr | Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes |
| title_full_unstemmed | Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes |
| title_short | Cancer immunotherapy with CAR T cells: well-trodden paths and journey along lesser-known routes |
| title_sort | cancer immunotherapy with car t cells well trodden paths and journey along lesser known routes |
| topic | chimeric antigen receptor adoptive cell therapy cancer cellular immunotherapy gene-engineered immune cells |
| url | https://doi.org/10.2478/raon-2022-0049 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT smoleanze cancerimmunotherapywithcartcellswelltroddenpathsandjourneyalonglesserknownroutes |