A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor
<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality, and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to bette...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
Copernicus Publications
2019-12-01
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| Series: | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| Online Access: | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/6771/2019/amt-12-6771-2019.pdf |
| _version_ | 1818162734912503808 |
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| author | O. Schneising M. Buchwitz M. Reuter H. Bovensmann J. P. Burrows T. Borsdorff N. M. Deutscher D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase C. Hermans L. T. Iraci R. Kivi J. Landgraf I. Morino J. Notholt C. Petri D. F. Pollard S. Roche K. Shiomi K. Strong R. Sussmann V. A. Velazco T. Warneke D. Wunch |
| author_facet | O. Schneising M. Buchwitz M. Reuter H. Bovensmann J. P. Burrows T. Borsdorff N. M. Deutscher D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase C. Hermans L. T. Iraci R. Kivi J. Landgraf I. Morino J. Notholt C. Petri D. F. Pollard S. Roche K. Shiomi K. Strong R. Sussmann V. A. Velazco T. Warneke D. Wunch |
| author_sort | O. Schneising |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | <p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality, and
methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced
climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to better assess
their impact on climate and atmospheric pollution. While surface and airborne measurements are able
to accurately determine atmospheric abundances on local scales, global coverage can only be
achieved using satellite instruments.</p><p>The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, which
was successfully launched in October 2017, is a spaceborne nadir-viewing imaging spectrometer
measuring solar radiation reflected by the Earth in a push-broom configuration. It has a wide swath
on the terrestrial surface and covers wavelength bands between the ultraviolet (UV) and the
shortwave infrared (SWIR), combining a high spatial resolution with daily global coverage. These
characteristics enable the determination of both gases with an unprecedented level of detail on a
global scale, introducing new areas of application.</p><p>Abundances of the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions XCO and XCH<sub>4</sub>
are simultaneously retrieved from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the 2.3 µm
spectral range of the SWIR part of the solar spectrum using the scientific retrieval algorithm
Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS). This algorithm
is intended to be used with the operational algorithms for mutual verification and to provide new
geophysical insights. We introduce the algorithm in detail, including expected error characteristics
based on synthetic data, a machine-learning-based quality filter, and a shallow learning calibration
procedure applied in the post-processing of the XCH<sub>4</sub> data. The quality of the results based
on real TROPOMI data is assessed by validation with ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer
(FTS) measurements providing realistic error estimates of the satellite data: the XCO data
set is characterised by a random error of 5.1 ppb (5.8 %) and a systematic error of
1.9 ppb (2.1 %); the XCH<sub>4</sub> data set exhibits a random error of 14.0 ppb
(0.8 %) and a systematic error of 4.3 ppb (0.2 %). The natural XCO and
XCH<sub>4</sub> variations are well-captured by the satellite retrievals, which is demonstrated by a
high correlation with the validation data (<i>R</i> = 0.97 for XCO and <i>R</i> = 0.91 for XCH<sub>4</sub> based
on daily averages).</p><p>We also present selected results from the mission start until the end of 2018, including a first comparison
to the operational products and examples of the detection of emission sources in a single satellite
overpass, such as CO emissions from the steel industry and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from the
energy sector, which potentially allows for the advance of emission monitoring and air quality assessments
to an entirely new level.</p> |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:38:23Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cffa9d06cd9d4b8b94fb0aac88f4c357 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1867-1381 1867-8548 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T16:38:23Z |
| publishDate | 2019-12-01 |
| publisher | Copernicus Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| spelling | doaj.art-cffa9d06cd9d4b8b94fb0aac88f4c3572022-12-22T00:58:23ZengCopernicus PublicationsAtmospheric Measurement Techniques1867-13811867-85482019-12-01126771680210.5194/amt-12-6771-2019A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 PrecursorO. Schneising0M. Buchwitz1M. Reuter2H. Bovensmann3J. P. Burrows4T. Borsdorff5N. M. Deutscher6D. G. Feist7D. G. Feist8D. G. Feist9D. W. T. Griffith10F. Hase11C. Hermans12L. T. Iraci13R. Kivi14J. Landgraf15I. Morino16J. Notholt17C. Petri18D. F. Pollard19S. Roche20K. Shiomi21K. Strong22R. Sussmann23V. A. Velazco24T. Warneke25D. Wunch26Institute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanySRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Earth Science Group (ESG), Utrecht, the NetherlandsCentre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaLudwig-Maximilians-Universität München, Lehrstuhl für Physik der Atmosphäre, Munich, GermanyDeutsches Zentrum für Luft- und Raumfahrt, Institut für Physik der Atmosphäre, Oberpfaffenhofen, GermanyMax Planck Institute for Biogeochemistry, Jena, GermanyCentre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-ASF), Karlsruhe, GermanyRoyal Belgian Institute for Space Aeronomy, Brussels, BelgiumAtmospheric Science Branch, NASA Ames Research Center, Moffett Field, USAFinnish Meteorological Institute, Space and Earth Observation Centre, Sodankylä, FinlandSRON Netherlands Institute for Space Research, Earth Science Group (ESG), Utrecht, the NetherlandsSatellite Remote Sensing Section and Satellite Observation Center, Center for Global Environmental Research, National Institute for Environmental Studies (NIES), Tsukuba, JapanInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyNational Institute of Water and Atmospheric Research (NIWA), Lauder, New ZealandDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaJapan Aerospace Exploration Agency (JAXA), Tsukuba, JapanDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, CanadaKarlsruhe Institute of Technology (KIT), Institute for Meteorology and Climate Research (IMK-IFU), Garmisch-Partenkirchen, GermanyCentre for Atmospheric Chemistry, School of Earth, Atmosphere and Life Sciences, University of Wollongong, Wollongong, AustraliaInstitute of Environmental Physics (IUP), University of Bremen FB1, Bremen, GermanyDepartment of Physics, University of Toronto, Toronto, Canada<p>Carbon monoxide (CO) is an important atmospheric constituent affecting air quality, and methane (CH<sub>4</sub>) is the second most important greenhouse gas contributing to human-induced climate change. Detailed and continuous observations of these gases are necessary to better assess their impact on climate and atmospheric pollution. While surface and airborne measurements are able to accurately determine atmospheric abundances on local scales, global coverage can only be achieved using satellite instruments.</p><p>The TROPOspheric Monitoring Instrument (TROPOMI) onboard the Sentinel-5 Precursor satellite, which was successfully launched in October 2017, is a spaceborne nadir-viewing imaging spectrometer measuring solar radiation reflected by the Earth in a push-broom configuration. It has a wide swath on the terrestrial surface and covers wavelength bands between the ultraviolet (UV) and the shortwave infrared (SWIR), combining a high spatial resolution with daily global coverage. These characteristics enable the determination of both gases with an unprecedented level of detail on a global scale, introducing new areas of application.</p><p>Abundances of the atmospheric column-averaged dry air mole fractions XCO and XCH<sub>4</sub> are simultaneously retrieved from TROPOMI's radiance measurements in the 2.3 µm spectral range of the SWIR part of the solar spectrum using the scientific retrieval algorithm Weighting Function Modified Differential Optical Absorption Spectroscopy (WFM-DOAS). This algorithm is intended to be used with the operational algorithms for mutual verification and to provide new geophysical insights. We introduce the algorithm in detail, including expected error characteristics based on synthetic data, a machine-learning-based quality filter, and a shallow learning calibration procedure applied in the post-processing of the XCH<sub>4</sub> data. The quality of the results based on real TROPOMI data is assessed by validation with ground-based Fourier transform spectrometer (FTS) measurements providing realistic error estimates of the satellite data: the XCO data set is characterised by a random error of 5.1 ppb (5.8 %) and a systematic error of 1.9 ppb (2.1 %); the XCH<sub>4</sub> data set exhibits a random error of 14.0 ppb (0.8 %) and a systematic error of 4.3 ppb (0.2 %). The natural XCO and XCH<sub>4</sub> variations are well-captured by the satellite retrievals, which is demonstrated by a high correlation with the validation data (<i>R</i> = 0.97 for XCO and <i>R</i> = 0.91 for XCH<sub>4</sub> based on daily averages).</p><p>We also present selected results from the mission start until the end of 2018, including a first comparison to the operational products and examples of the detection of emission sources in a single satellite overpass, such as CO emissions from the steel industry and CH<sub>4</sub> emissions from the energy sector, which potentially allows for the advance of emission monitoring and air quality assessments to an entirely new level.</p>https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/6771/2019/amt-12-6771-2019.pdf |
| spellingShingle | O. Schneising M. Buchwitz M. Reuter H. Bovensmann J. P. Burrows T. Borsdorff N. M. Deutscher D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. G. Feist D. W. T. Griffith F. Hase C. Hermans L. T. Iraci R. Kivi J. Landgraf I. Morino J. Notholt C. Petri D. F. Pollard S. Roche K. Shiomi K. Strong R. Sussmann V. A. Velazco T. Warneke D. Wunch A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor Atmospheric Measurement Techniques |
| title | A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor |
| title_full | A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor |
| title_fullStr | A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor |
| title_full_unstemmed | A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor |
| title_short | A scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from TROPOMI onboard Sentinel-5 Precursor |
| title_sort | scientific algorithm to simultaneously retrieve carbon monoxide and methane from tropomi onboard sentinel 5 precursor |
| url | https://www.atmos-meas-tech.net/12/6771/2019/amt-12-6771-2019.pdf |
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