Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion
T cell exhaustion caused by continuous antigen stimulation in chronic viral infections and the tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to successful elimination of viruses and tumor cells. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors should reverse T cell exhaustion, shortcomings, such as off-target effe...
| Main Authors: | , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Frontiers Media S.A.
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Frontiers in Immunology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.959729/full |
| _version_ | 1811230143279005696 |
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| author | Kun Li Ziqiang Wang Ziqiang Wang |
| author_facet | Kun Li Ziqiang Wang Ziqiang Wang |
| author_sort | Kun Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | T cell exhaustion caused by continuous antigen stimulation in chronic viral infections and the tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to successful elimination of viruses and tumor cells. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors should reverse T cell exhaustion, shortcomings, such as off-target effects and single targets, limit their application. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular targets in effector T cells that simultaneously regulate the expression of multiple immune checkpoints. Over the past few years, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been shown to participate in the immune response against viral infections and tumors. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and tumorigenesis. We hope that this review will stimulate research to provide more precise and effective immunotherapies against viral infections and tumors. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:25:21Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-cffe06850cd846bab9fff7c6c7557b71 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1664-3224 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-12T10:25:21Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | Frontiers Media S.A. |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Frontiers in Immunology |
| spelling | doaj.art-cffe06850cd846bab9fff7c6c7557b712022-12-22T03:36:59ZengFrontiers Media S.A.Frontiers in Immunology1664-32242022-10-011310.3389/fimmu.2022.959729959729Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustionKun Li0Ziqiang Wang1Ziqiang Wang2Department of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaDepartment of Nuclear Medicine, The First Affiliated Hospital of Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Provincial Qianfoshan Hospital, Jinan, ChinaBiomedical Sciences College & Shandong Medicinal Biotechnology Centre, Shandong First Medical University & Shandong Academy of Medical Sciences, Jinan, ChinaT cell exhaustion caused by continuous antigen stimulation in chronic viral infections and the tumor microenvironment is a major barrier to successful elimination of viruses and tumor cells. Although immune checkpoint inhibitors should reverse T cell exhaustion, shortcomings, such as off-target effects and single targets, limit their application. Therefore, it is important to identify molecular targets in effector T cells that simultaneously regulate the expression of multiple immune checkpoints. Over the past few years, non-coding RNAs, including microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs, have been shown to participate in the immune response against viral infections and tumors. In this review, we focus on the roles and underlying mechanisms of microRNAs and long non-coding RNAs in the regulation of T cell exhaustion during chronic viral infections and tumorigenesis. We hope that this review will stimulate research to provide more precise and effective immunotherapies against viral infections and tumors.https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.959729/fullnon-coding RNAmiRNAlncRNAT cell exhaustionimmune checkpointchronic viral infections |
| spellingShingle | Kun Li Ziqiang Wang Ziqiang Wang Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion Frontiers in Immunology non-coding RNA miRNA lncRNA T cell exhaustion immune checkpoint chronic viral infections |
| title | Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion |
| title_full | Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion |
| title_fullStr | Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion |
| title_full_unstemmed | Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion |
| title_short | Non-coding RNAs: Key players in T cell exhaustion |
| title_sort | non coding rnas key players in t cell exhaustion |
| topic | non-coding RNA miRNA lncRNA T cell exhaustion immune checkpoint chronic viral infections |
| url | https://www.frontiersin.org/articles/10.3389/fimmu.2022.959729/full |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT kunli noncodingrnaskeyplayersintcellexhaustion AT ziqiangwang noncodingrnaskeyplayersintcellexhaustion AT ziqiangwang noncodingrnaskeyplayersintcellexhaustion |