Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic
Cryophilic algae thrive in liquid water within snow and ice in alpine and polar regions worldwide. Blooms of these algae lower albedo (reflection of sunlight), thereby altering melting patterns (Kohshima, Seko & Yoshimura, 1993; Lutz et al., 2014; Thomas & Duval, 1995). Here metagenomic DNA...
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| Format: | Article |
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PeerJ Inc.
2015-12-01
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| Series: | PeerJ |
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| Online Access: | https://peerj.com/articles/1491.pdf |
| _version_ | 1797425571428302848 |
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| author | Nao Hisakawa Steven D. Quistad Eric R. Hester Daria Martynova Heather Maughan Enric Sala Maria V. Gavrilo Forest Rohwer |
| author_facet | Nao Hisakawa Steven D. Quistad Eric R. Hester Daria Martynova Heather Maughan Enric Sala Maria V. Gavrilo Forest Rohwer |
| author_sort | Nao Hisakawa |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Cryophilic algae thrive in liquid water within snow and ice in alpine and polar regions worldwide. Blooms of these algae lower albedo (reflection of sunlight), thereby altering melting patterns (Kohshima, Seko & Yoshimura, 1993; Lutz et al., 2014; Thomas & Duval, 1995). Here metagenomic DNA analysis and satellite imaging were used to investigate red snow in Franz Josef Land in the Russian Arctic. Franz Josef Land red snow metagenomes confirmed that the communities are composed of the autotroph Chlamydomonas nivalis that is supporting a complex viral and heterotrophic bacterial community. Comparisons with white snow communities from other sites suggest that white snow and ice are initially colonized by fungal-dominated communities and then succeeded by the more complex C. nivalis-heterotroph red snow. Satellite image analysis showed that red snow covers up to 80% of the surface of snow and ice fields in Franz Josef Land and globally. Together these results show that C. nivalis supports a local food web that is on the rise as temperatures warm, with potential widespread impacts on alpine and polar environments worldwide. |
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| id | doaj.art-d005729b7aa948c780ef5f44c1e71d7f |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2167-8359 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T08:18:01Z |
| publishDate | 2015-12-01 |
| publisher | PeerJ Inc. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d005729b7aa948c780ef5f44c1e71d7f2023-12-02T22:00:54ZengPeerJ Inc.PeerJ2167-83592015-12-013e149110.7717/peerj.1491Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian ArcticNao Hisakawa0Steven D. Quistad1Eric R. Hester2Daria Martynova3Heather Maughan4Enric Sala5Maria V. Gavrilo6Forest Rohwer7Department of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesWhite Sea Biological Station, Zoological Institute, Russian Academy of Sciences, St. Petersburg, RussiaRonin Institute, Montclair, NJ, United StatesNational Geographic Society, Washington, DC, United StatesNational Park Russian Arctic, Archangelsk, RussiaDepartment of Biology, San Diego State University, San Diego, CA, United StatesCryophilic algae thrive in liquid water within snow and ice in alpine and polar regions worldwide. Blooms of these algae lower albedo (reflection of sunlight), thereby altering melting patterns (Kohshima, Seko & Yoshimura, 1993; Lutz et al., 2014; Thomas & Duval, 1995). Here metagenomic DNA analysis and satellite imaging were used to investigate red snow in Franz Josef Land in the Russian Arctic. Franz Josef Land red snow metagenomes confirmed that the communities are composed of the autotroph Chlamydomonas nivalis that is supporting a complex viral and heterotrophic bacterial community. Comparisons with white snow communities from other sites suggest that white snow and ice are initially colonized by fungal-dominated communities and then succeeded by the more complex C. nivalis-heterotroph red snow. Satellite image analysis showed that red snow covers up to 80% of the surface of snow and ice fields in Franz Josef Land and globally. Together these results show that C. nivalis supports a local food web that is on the rise as temperatures warm, with potential widespread impacts on alpine and polar environments worldwide.https://peerj.com/articles/1491.pdfRed snowSnowArcticWatermelon snowVirusesFranz Josef Land |
| spellingShingle | Nao Hisakawa Steven D. Quistad Eric R. Hester Daria Martynova Heather Maughan Enric Sala Maria V. Gavrilo Forest Rohwer Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic PeerJ Red snow Snow Arctic Watermelon snow Viruses Franz Josef Land |
| title | Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic |
| title_full | Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic |
| title_fullStr | Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic |
| title_full_unstemmed | Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic |
| title_short | Metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the Russian Arctic |
| title_sort | metagenomic and satellite analyses of red snow in the russian arctic |
| topic | Red snow Snow Arctic Watermelon snow Viruses Franz Josef Land |
| url | https://peerj.com/articles/1491.pdf |
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