Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review
Low-cost and renewable adsorbent activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass is a focus of worldwide concern due to its readily available waste disposal problems in the environment. Physical and chemical processes are the main procedures forproduction of biomass-activated carbon (AC). Activating l...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Elsevier
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Heliyon |
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| Online Access: | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022032285 |
| _version_ | 1797961007684911104 |
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| author | Ibsa Neme Girma Gonfa Chandran Masi |
| author_facet | Ibsa Neme Girma Gonfa Chandran Masi |
| author_sort | Ibsa Neme |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Low-cost and renewable adsorbent activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass is a focus of worldwide concern due to its readily available waste disposal problems in the environment. Physical and chemical processes are the main procedures forproduction of biomass-activated carbon (AC). Activating lignocellulosic biomass by chemical methods in terms of energy performance, lower timecarbonization, and temperature is mutual forthe production of activated carbon. Out of chemical activating agents (H3PO4, H2SO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, NaOH, KOH, and K2CO3), H3PO4 is the most commonly used chemical activating agent during the synthesis of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass because of its ease of recovery, low environmental impact, and higher carbon yield. The surface area of most activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass by H3PO4was in the variability of 456.1–2806 m2/g, yielding 26.1–85 % and an extreme adsorption capacity of 2.5–89.29 mg/g. And also, high acids to precursor ratio and activation temperature of AC were synthesized from lignocellulosic biomass. Generally, the advantage of this review paper, gathers evidence from currently published articles deliberating chemical composition, proximate values, biomass activation methods, the elemental composition of lignocellulosic biomass, physio-chemical properties of different lignocellulosic materials AC synthesized using a phosphoric acid activation agent, and the usage of derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid activation for water disinfection, solute organic matter, energy storage, and heavy metal removal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:41Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d00615d4222846e1ab5f86b71e8898d4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2405-8440 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-11T00:52:41Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | Elsevier |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Heliyon |
| spelling | doaj.art-d00615d4222846e1ab5f86b71e8898d42023-01-05T08:37:31ZengElsevierHeliyon2405-84402022-12-01812e11940Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A reviewIbsa Neme0Girma Gonfa1Chandran Masi2Department of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Chemical Engineering, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Post Box: 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Nanotechnology Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Post Box: 16417 Addis Ababa, EthiopiaDepartment of Biotechnology, College of Biological and Chemical Engineering, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Biotechnology and Bioprocess Center of Excellence, Addis Ababa Science and Technology University, Post Box: 16417 Addis Ababa, Ethiopia; Corresponding author.Low-cost and renewable adsorbent activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass is a focus of worldwide concern due to its readily available waste disposal problems in the environment. Physical and chemical processes are the main procedures forproduction of biomass-activated carbon (AC). Activating lignocellulosic biomass by chemical methods in terms of energy performance, lower timecarbonization, and temperature is mutual forthe production of activated carbon. Out of chemical activating agents (H3PO4, H2SO4, ZnCl2, FeCl3, NaOH, KOH, and K2CO3), H3PO4 is the most commonly used chemical activating agent during the synthesis of activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass because of its ease of recovery, low environmental impact, and higher carbon yield. The surface area of most activated carbon from lignocellulosic biomass by H3PO4was in the variability of 456.1–2806 m2/g, yielding 26.1–85 % and an extreme adsorption capacity of 2.5–89.29 mg/g. And also, high acids to precursor ratio and activation temperature of AC were synthesized from lignocellulosic biomass. Generally, the advantage of this review paper, gathers evidence from currently published articles deliberating chemical composition, proximate values, biomass activation methods, the elemental composition of lignocellulosic biomass, physio-chemical properties of different lignocellulosic materials AC synthesized using a phosphoric acid activation agent, and the usage of derived activated carbon through phosphoric acid activation for water disinfection, solute organic matter, energy storage, and heavy metal removal.http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022032285Lignocellulosic biomassActivated carbonPhosphoric acidChemical activationParameter |
| spellingShingle | Ibsa Neme Girma Gonfa Chandran Masi Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review Heliyon Lignocellulosic biomass Activated carbon Phosphoric acid Chemical activation Parameter |
| title | Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review |
| title_full | Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review |
| title_fullStr | Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review |
| title_full_unstemmed | Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review |
| title_short | Activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid: A review |
| title_sort | activated carbon from biomass precursors using phosphoric acid a review |
| topic | Lignocellulosic biomass Activated carbon Phosphoric acid Chemical activation Parameter |
| url | http://www.sciencedirect.com/science/article/pii/S2405844022032285 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT ibsaneme activatedcarbonfrombiomassprecursorsusingphosphoricacidareview AT girmagonfa activatedcarbonfrombiomassprecursorsusingphosphoricacidareview AT chandranmasi activatedcarbonfrombiomassprecursorsusingphosphoricacidareview |