Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study
Abstract Background Thyroid dysfunction is the leading endocrine disorder worldwide. Iodine deficiency disorders, which were once the major etiology of thyroid dysfunctions, now have been succeeded by autoimmune thyroid diseases with the rise in aberrant salt ionization protocols. This study endeavo...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-10-01
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| Series: | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
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| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01480-6 |
| _version_ | 1827633999077441536 |
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| author | Vijay Kumar Sharma Apeksha Niraula Eans Tara Tuladhar Aseem Bhattarai Mithileshwer Raut Raju Kumar Dubey Sujata Baidya Naresh Parajuli |
| author_facet | Vijay Kumar Sharma Apeksha Niraula Eans Tara Tuladhar Aseem Bhattarai Mithileshwer Raut Raju Kumar Dubey Sujata Baidya Naresh Parajuli |
| author_sort | Vijay Kumar Sharma |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background Thyroid dysfunction is the leading endocrine disorder worldwide. Iodine deficiency disorders, which were once the major etiology of thyroid dysfunctions, now have been succeeded by autoimmune thyroid diseases with the rise in aberrant salt ionization protocols. This study endeavors to access the level of thyroid autoantibodies viz. anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (TGA), and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TRAb) in individuals with subnormal thyroid profiles. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tribhuvan University for a period of six months. Using non-probability (purposive) sampling method, a total of 60 patients were enrolled with subnormal thyroid profiles to include the population who have not yet started medication. Thyroid hormones (free T3, free T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO, TGA, and TRAb) were measured. For non-parametric data, Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Spearman’s correlation was done to determine the association between variables. Results Out of 60 participants, the majority of the population between 25 and 44 years were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction with female preponderance. Among all, 40% (n = 24) had subclinical hyperthyroid states while, 60% (n = 36) had subclinical hypothyroid states, and 75% (n = 45) of the total exhibited positive thyroid antibodies. In subclinical hypothyroid patients with TSH above 10 µIU/ml, anti TPO (58.5%) and TGA (66.7%) positivity were highly prevalent. On the other hand, TRAb was exclusively positive in hyperthyroid condition (50% among the group) which is by far the first of its kind reported in Nepal. Conclusion The rise in autoimmune thyroid disease among the Nepalese population infers that addressing iodine deficiency simply through salt iodinization may not be adequate to deal with the rising burden of thyroid disorders, especially in iodine-depleted areas. Also, the increasing prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies positivity in subclinical hypothyroidism in the Nepalese population accounts for the arduous screening and monitoring of autoimmune thyroid disorders in Nepal. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:07:25Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d009c66778374e5498a988b41f5af745 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1472-6823 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T15:07:25Z |
| publishDate | 2023-10-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Endocrine Disorders |
| spelling | doaj.art-d009c66778374e5498a988b41f5af7452023-11-26T13:35:13ZengBMCBMC Endocrine Disorders1472-68232023-10-012311810.1186/s12902-023-01480-6Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional studyVijay Kumar Sharma0Apeksha Niraula1Eans Tara Tuladhar2Aseem Bhattarai3Mithileshwer Raut4Raju Kumar Dubey5Sujata Baidya6Naresh Parajuli7Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Clinical Biochemistry, Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalDepartment of Internal Medicine (Endocrinology), Maharajgunj Medical Campus, Institute of Medicine, Tribhuvan University Teaching HospitalAbstract Background Thyroid dysfunction is the leading endocrine disorder worldwide. Iodine deficiency disorders, which were once the major etiology of thyroid dysfunctions, now have been succeeded by autoimmune thyroid diseases with the rise in aberrant salt ionization protocols. This study endeavors to access the level of thyroid autoantibodies viz. anti-thyroid peroxidase (anti-TPO), anti-thyroglobulin (TGA), and anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor (TRAb) in individuals with subnormal thyroid profiles. Methods This hospital-based cross-sectional study was conducted at the Department of Clinical Biochemistry, Tribhuvan University for a period of six months. Using non-probability (purposive) sampling method, a total of 60 patients were enrolled with subnormal thyroid profiles to include the population who have not yet started medication. Thyroid hormones (free T3, free T4, TSH) and thyroid antibodies (anti-TPO, TGA, and TRAb) were measured. For non-parametric data, Chi-square test and Kruskal-Wallis test were used. Spearman’s correlation was done to determine the association between variables. Results Out of 60 participants, the majority of the population between 25 and 44 years were diagnosed with thyroid dysfunction with female preponderance. Among all, 40% (n = 24) had subclinical hyperthyroid states while, 60% (n = 36) had subclinical hypothyroid states, and 75% (n = 45) of the total exhibited positive thyroid antibodies. In subclinical hypothyroid patients with TSH above 10 µIU/ml, anti TPO (58.5%) and TGA (66.7%) positivity were highly prevalent. On the other hand, TRAb was exclusively positive in hyperthyroid condition (50% among the group) which is by far the first of its kind reported in Nepal. Conclusion The rise in autoimmune thyroid disease among the Nepalese population infers that addressing iodine deficiency simply through salt iodinization may not be adequate to deal with the rising burden of thyroid disorders, especially in iodine-depleted areas. Also, the increasing prevalence of thyroid autoantibodies positivity in subclinical hypothyroidism in the Nepalese population accounts for the arduous screening and monitoring of autoimmune thyroid disorders in Nepal.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01480-6Subclinical hyperthyroidismSubclinical hypothyroidismAnti-thyroid peroxidaseAnti-thyroglobulinAnti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptorHashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| spellingShingle | Vijay Kumar Sharma Apeksha Niraula Eans Tara Tuladhar Aseem Bhattarai Mithileshwer Raut Raju Kumar Dubey Sujata Baidya Naresh Parajuli Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study BMC Endocrine Disorders Subclinical hyperthyroidism Subclinical hypothyroidism Anti-thyroid peroxidase Anti-thyroglobulin Anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| title | Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in Nepal: a hospital-based cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | autoimmune thyroid status in subclinical thyroid disorders in patients attending a tertiary care center in nepal a hospital based cross sectional study |
| topic | Subclinical hyperthyroidism Subclinical hypothyroidism Anti-thyroid peroxidase Anti-thyroglobulin Anti-thyroid stimulating hormone receptor Hashimoto’s thyroiditis |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12902-023-01480-6 |
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