Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy
Fast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Sensors |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8338 |
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| author | Salvatore Almaviva Florinda Artuso Isabella Giardina Antonia Lai Alessandra Pasquo |
| author_facet | Salvatore Almaviva Florinda Artuso Isabella Giardina Antonia Lai Alessandra Pasquo |
| author_sort | Salvatore Almaviva |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Fast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available, Raman spectroscopy and its variant, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), have several advantages, including no need for sample preparation, quick and easy operation and the ability to operate on the field. This article describes the application of the Raman and SERS technique to liquid samples contaminated with different classes of substances, including nitrates, phosphates, pesticides and their metabolites. The technique was also used for the detection of the air pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and, in particular, benzo(a)pyrene, considered as a reference for the carcinogenicity of the whole class of these compounds. To pre-concentrate the analytes, we applied a methodology based on the well-known coffee-ring effect, which ensures preconcentration of the analytes without any pretreatment of the sample, providing a versatile approach for fast and in-situ detection of water pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to reveal these analytes at low concentrations, close to or lower than their regulatory limits. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:29Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d00de2d050054a3492414c6a81e5e7b2 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1424-8220 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T18:40:29Z |
| publishDate | 2022-10-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Sensors |
| spelling | doaj.art-d00de2d050054a3492414c6a81e5e7b22023-11-24T06:46:29ZengMDPI AGSensors1424-82202022-10-012221833810.3390/s22218338Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman SpectroscopySalvatore Almaviva0Florinda Artuso1Isabella Giardina2Antonia Lai3Alessandra Pasquo4ENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00040 Frascati, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00040 Frascati, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00040 Frascati, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00040 Frascati, ItalyENEA, Italian National Agency for New Technologies, Energy and Sustainable Economic Development, Frascati Research Center, Via Enrico Fermi 45, I-00040 Frascati, ItalyFast monitoring of water quality is a fundamental part of environmental management and protection, in particular, the possibility of qualitatively and quantitatively determining its contamination at levels that are dangerous for human health, fauna and flora. Among the techniques currently available, Raman spectroscopy and its variant, Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy (SERS), have several advantages, including no need for sample preparation, quick and easy operation and the ability to operate on the field. This article describes the application of the Raman and SERS technique to liquid samples contaminated with different classes of substances, including nitrates, phosphates, pesticides and their metabolites. The technique was also used for the detection of the air pollutant polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons and, in particular, benzo(a)pyrene, considered as a reference for the carcinogenicity of the whole class of these compounds. To pre-concentrate the analytes, we applied a methodology based on the well-known coffee-ring effect, which ensures preconcentration of the analytes without any pretreatment of the sample, providing a versatile approach for fast and in-situ detection of water pollutants. The obtained results allowed us to reveal these analytes at low concentrations, close to or lower than their regulatory limits.https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8338Raman spectroscopySERSwater pollutionPAHs<i>Escherichia coli</i>pesticides |
| spellingShingle | Salvatore Almaviva Florinda Artuso Isabella Giardina Antonia Lai Alessandra Pasquo Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy Sensors Raman spectroscopy SERS water pollution PAHs <i>Escherichia coli</i> pesticides |
| title | Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full | Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_fullStr | Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_full_unstemmed | Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_short | Fast Detection of Different Water Contaminants by Raman Spectroscopy and Surface-Enhanced Raman Spectroscopy |
| title_sort | fast detection of different water contaminants by raman spectroscopy and surface enhanced raman spectroscopy |
| topic | Raman spectroscopy SERS water pollution PAHs <i>Escherichia coli</i> pesticides |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/1424-8220/22/21/8338 |
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