There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands
Bilaterian animals operate the clusters of Hox genes through a rich repertoire of diverse mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the accumulated data concerning long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are transcribed from sense (coding) DNA strands of Hox clusters. It was shown that a...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2021-07-01
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| Series: | Journal of Developmental Biology |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/9/3/28 |
| _version_ | 1797518690688696320 |
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| author | Elena L. Novikova Milana A. Kulakova |
| author_facet | Elena L. Novikova Milana A. Kulakova |
| author_sort | Elena L. Novikova |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Bilaterian animals operate the clusters of Hox genes through a rich repertoire of diverse mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the accumulated data concerning long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are transcribed from sense (coding) DNA strands of Hox clusters. It was shown that antisense regulatory RNAs control the work of Hox genes in cis and trans, participate in the establishment and maintenance of the epigenetic code of Hox loci, and can even serve as a source of regulatory peptides that switch cellular energetic metabolism. Moreover, these molecules can be considered as a force that consolidates the cluster into a single whole. We will discuss the examples of antisense transcription of Hox genes in well-studied systems (cell cultures, morphogenesis of vertebrates) and bear upon some interesting examples of antisense Hox RNAs in non-model Protostomia. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:33:16Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d01c7563bec9496f920306059717628c |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2221-3759 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-10T07:33:16Z |
| publishDate | 2021-07-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Journal of Developmental Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d01c7563bec9496f920306059717628c2023-11-22T13:43:09ZengMDPI AGJournal of Developmental Biology2221-37592021-07-01932810.3390/jdb9030028There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA StrandsElena L. Novikova0Milana A. Kulakova1Department of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, RussiaDepartment of Embryology, St. Petersburg State University, Universitetskaya nab. 7–9, 199034 Saint Petersburg, RussiaBilaterian animals operate the clusters of Hox genes through a rich repertoire of diverse mechanisms. In this review, we will summarize and analyze the accumulated data concerning long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) that are transcribed from sense (coding) DNA strands of Hox clusters. It was shown that antisense regulatory RNAs control the work of Hox genes in cis and trans, participate in the establishment and maintenance of the epigenetic code of Hox loci, and can even serve as a source of regulatory peptides that switch cellular energetic metabolism. Moreover, these molecules can be considered as a force that consolidates the cluster into a single whole. We will discuss the examples of antisense transcription of Hox genes in well-studied systems (cell cultures, morphogenesis of vertebrates) and bear upon some interesting examples of antisense Hox RNAs in non-model Protostomia.https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/9/3/28long noncoding RNAslncRNAsantisense ncRNAsNATslinkRNAsHox genes |
| spellingShingle | Elena L. Novikova Milana A. Kulakova There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands Journal of Developmental Biology long noncoding RNAs lncRNAs antisense ncRNAs NATs linkRNAs Hox genes |
| title | There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands |
| title_full | There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands |
| title_fullStr | There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands |
| title_full_unstemmed | There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands |
| title_short | There and Back Again: Hox Clusters Use Both DNA Strands |
| title_sort | there and back again hox clusters use both dna strands |
| topic | long noncoding RNAs lncRNAs antisense ncRNAs NATs linkRNAs Hox genes |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2221-3759/9/3/28 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT elenalnovikova thereandbackagainhoxclustersusebothdnastrands AT milanaakulakova thereandbackagainhoxclustersusebothdnastrands |