Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study
Context: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is a self-administered ordinal measure of nicotine dependence containing six items that evaluate the quantity of tobacco smoking, the compulsion to use, and dependence. Aims: To date, no Bengali version of the questionnaire is available. We...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2021-01-01
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| Series: | Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.indjsp.org/article.asp?issn=0971-9962;year=2021;volume=37;issue=3;spage=319;epage=327;aulast=Dutta |
| _version_ | 1819121704012611584 |
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| author | Abhijit Dutta Puja Bhakta Anaitulah Ahmed Mir Suman Singh Athia Sylvia Saprunamei Ramkripal Prajapati Deepak Kumar Pandey Ch Lily Anal Nitin Saklani Rachna Goenka Subhas Singh Abhijit Chattopadhyay Pralay Sharma Satarupa Sadhukhan Sk Swaif Ali Munmun Koley Subhranil Saha |
| author_facet | Abhijit Dutta Puja Bhakta Anaitulah Ahmed Mir Suman Singh Athia Sylvia Saprunamei Ramkripal Prajapati Deepak Kumar Pandey Ch Lily Anal Nitin Saklani Rachna Goenka Subhas Singh Abhijit Chattopadhyay Pralay Sharma Satarupa Sadhukhan Sk Swaif Ali Munmun Koley Subhranil Saha |
| author_sort | Abhijit Dutta |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Context: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is a self-administered ordinal measure of nicotine dependence containing six items that evaluate the quantity of tobacco smoking, the compulsion to use, and dependence. Aims: To date, no Bengali version of the questionnaire is available. We aimed to develop its Bengali version and examine its cross-cultural adaptability considering linguistic equivalence. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted through consecutive sampling at the outpatients of the National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata. Subjects and Methods: The FTND-Bengali version (FTND-B) was produced by standardized forward-backward translations. The psychometric analysis was run to examine its factor structure, validity, and reliability. Reliability was examined using internal consistency (n = 263). Construct validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis (n = 132) using principal component analysis (varimax rotation). Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 131) was performed to verify the model fit. Results: The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.701; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.641–0.753). The Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin (=0.712) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (Chi-square 109.593, P < 0.001) both suggested adequacy of the sample. In factor analysis using varimax, all the items loaded above the pre-specified value of 0.3 and identified two components – “restraint” (question no. 1, 2, and 6) and “compulsion” (question no. 3, 4, and 5); explaining 56.1% of the variation. The goodness-of-fit in the CFA model was mediocre, but acceptable (Comparative Fit Index = 0.871, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.759, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.142, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.026). Conclusions: FTND-B, consisting of 6 items and framed within two components, appeared to be a valid and reliable questionnaire. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:40:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d02459e8c45d4369a6b65a10376adf41 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 0971-9962 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-22T06:40:47Z |
| publishDate | 2021-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-d02459e8c45d4369a6b65a10376adf412022-12-21T18:35:26ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsIndian Journal of Social Psychiatry0971-99622021-01-0137331932710.4103/ijsp.ijsp_71_20Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional studyAbhijit DuttaPuja BhaktaAnaitulah Ahmed MirSuman SinghAthia Sylvia SaprunameiRamkripal PrajapatiDeepak Kumar PandeyCh Lily AnalNitin SaklaniRachna GoenkaSubhas SinghAbhijit ChattopadhyayPralay SharmaSatarupa SadhukhanSk Swaif AliMunmun KoleySubhranil SahaContext: The Fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence (FTND) is a self-administered ordinal measure of nicotine dependence containing six items that evaluate the quantity of tobacco smoking, the compulsion to use, and dependence. Aims: To date, no Bengali version of the questionnaire is available. We aimed to develop its Bengali version and examine its cross-cultural adaptability considering linguistic equivalence. Settings and Design: A cross-sectional study was conducted through consecutive sampling at the outpatients of the National Institute of Homoeopathy, Kolkata. Subjects and Methods: The FTND-Bengali version (FTND-B) was produced by standardized forward-backward translations. The psychometric analysis was run to examine its factor structure, validity, and reliability. Reliability was examined using internal consistency (n = 263). Construct validity was examined by exploratory factor analysis (n = 132) using principal component analysis (varimax rotation). Subsequently, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA; n = 131) was performed to verify the model fit. Results: The internal consistency was acceptable (Cronbach's α = 0.701; 95% confidence interval [CI] 0.641–0.753). The Kaiser–Meyer-Olkin (=0.712) and Bartlett's test of sphericity (Chi-square 109.593, P < 0.001) both suggested adequacy of the sample. In factor analysis using varimax, all the items loaded above the pre-specified value of 0.3 and identified two components – “restraint” (question no. 1, 2, and 6) and “compulsion” (question no. 3, 4, and 5); explaining 56.1% of the variation. The goodness-of-fit in the CFA model was mediocre, but acceptable (Comparative Fit Index = 0.871, Tucker Lewis Index = 0.759, Root Mean Square Error of Approximation = 0.142, Standardized Root Mean Square Residual = 0.026). Conclusions: FTND-B, consisting of 6 items and framed within two components, appeared to be a valid and reliable questionnaire.http://www.indjsp.org/article.asp?issn=0971-9962;year=2021;volume=37;issue=3;spage=319;epage=327;aulast=Duttabengali languageconfirmatory factor analysisfactor analysisfagerstrom test for nicotine dependenceprincipal component analysis |
| spellingShingle | Abhijit Dutta Puja Bhakta Anaitulah Ahmed Mir Suman Singh Athia Sylvia Saprunamei Ramkripal Prajapati Deepak Kumar Pandey Ch Lily Anal Nitin Saklani Rachna Goenka Subhas Singh Abhijit Chattopadhyay Pralay Sharma Satarupa Sadhukhan Sk Swaif Ali Munmun Koley Subhranil Saha Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study Indian Journal of Social Psychiatry bengali language confirmatory factor analysis factor analysis fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence principal component analysis |
| title | Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full | Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study |
| title_fullStr | Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study |
| title_short | Factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire: A cross-sectional study |
| title_sort | factor structure of the bengali version of the fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence questionnaire a cross sectional study |
| topic | bengali language confirmatory factor analysis factor analysis fagerstrom test for nicotine dependence principal component analysis |
| url | http://www.indjsp.org/article.asp?issn=0971-9962;year=2021;volume=37;issue=3;spage=319;epage=327;aulast=Dutta |
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