Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism
ABSTRACT Picornaviruses infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro, with rapid replication kinetics and pronounced cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can also establish a persistent infection in vivo that can lead to pathology, including dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. One model s...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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American Society for Microbiology
2023-06-01
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| Series: | mSphere |
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| Online Access: | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00036-23 |
| _version_ | 1797797629520773120 |
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| author | Vincent Mastrodomenico Natalie J. LoMascolo Mason R. Firpo Maria del Mar Villanueva Guzman Adam Zaporowski Bryan C. Mounce |
| author_facet | Vincent Mastrodomenico Natalie J. LoMascolo Mason R. Firpo Maria del Mar Villanueva Guzman Adam Zaporowski Bryan C. Mounce |
| author_sort | Vincent Mastrodomenico |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | ABSTRACT Picornaviruses infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro, with rapid replication kinetics and pronounced cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can also establish a persistent infection in vivo that can lead to pathology, including dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. One model system to study persistent infection is the pancreatic ductal cell line PANC-1, which CVB3 infects and is maintained indefinitely. We have characterized this model for CVB3 infection to study persistent infection for over 6 months. We find that CVB3 rapidly replicates within PANC-1 cells without robust cytopathic effect, and after 1 month in culture, titers stabilize. We find that infection does not significantly affect cellular viability. Persistent virus reverts to lytic infection when transferred to Huh7 or Vero cells. We find that persistent CVB3 adapts to PANC-1 cells via mutation of its capsid proteins and, curiously, the viral polymerase (3Dpol) to generate a high-fidelity polymerase. Persistent infection is associated with reduced cleavage of eIF4G, reduced plaque size, and decreasing particle infectivity. We further find that polyamine metabolism is altered in persistently infected cells, with the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) reduced in translation. We further find that targeting polyamine synthesis reduces persistent infection without affecting the viability of the PANC-1 cells. Finally, we find that viral fidelity is essential to maintaining CVB3 infection, and targeting viral fidelity reduces persistent virus infection. Together, these data highlight a novel role for polyamines and fidelity in persistent CVB3 infection and suggest avenues for therapeutic development to target persistent infection. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease, including cardiomyopathies. Viruses like coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can cause tissue damage by lytically infecting cells; however, CVB3 can also persistently infect, which has been associated with several pathologies. Studying persistent infection in vitro is challenging, as CVB3 lytically infects most cellular model systems. Here, we show that CVB3 establishes persistent infection in pancreatic ductal cells in vitro, similar to prior studies on other coxsackieviruses. We also show that this infection results in adaptation of the virus to these cells, as well as changes to cellular metabolism of polyamines. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:52:13Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0275a12c0f84980aa72c5a548b696b0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2379-5042 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-13T03:52:13Z |
| publishDate | 2023-06-01 |
| publisher | American Society for Microbiology |
| record_format | Article |
| series | mSphere |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0275a12c0f84980aa72c5a548b696b02023-06-22T13:00:23ZengAmerican Society for MicrobiologymSphere2379-50422023-06-018310.1128/msphere.00036-23Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine MetabolismVincent Mastrodomenico0Natalie J. LoMascolo1Mason R. Firpo2Maria del Mar Villanueva Guzman3Adam Zaporowski4Bryan C. Mounce5Department of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USAInfectious Disease and Immunology Research Institute, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USADepartment of Microbiology and Immunology, Loyola University Chicago, Stritch School of Medicine, Maywood, Illinois, USAABSTRACT Picornaviruses infect a wide variety of cell types in vitro, with rapid replication kinetics and pronounced cytopathic effect. Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can also establish a persistent infection in vivo that can lead to pathology, including dilated cardiomyopathy and myocarditis. One model system to study persistent infection is the pancreatic ductal cell line PANC-1, which CVB3 infects and is maintained indefinitely. We have characterized this model for CVB3 infection to study persistent infection for over 6 months. We find that CVB3 rapidly replicates within PANC-1 cells without robust cytopathic effect, and after 1 month in culture, titers stabilize. We find that infection does not significantly affect cellular viability. Persistent virus reverts to lytic infection when transferred to Huh7 or Vero cells. We find that persistent CVB3 adapts to PANC-1 cells via mutation of its capsid proteins and, curiously, the viral polymerase (3Dpol) to generate a high-fidelity polymerase. Persistent infection is associated with reduced cleavage of eIF4G, reduced plaque size, and decreasing particle infectivity. We further find that polyamine metabolism is altered in persistently infected cells, with the rate-limiting enzyme ornithine decarboxylase (ODC1) reduced in translation. We further find that targeting polyamine synthesis reduces persistent infection without affecting the viability of the PANC-1 cells. Finally, we find that viral fidelity is essential to maintaining CVB3 infection, and targeting viral fidelity reduces persistent virus infection. Together, these data highlight a novel role for polyamines and fidelity in persistent CVB3 infection and suggest avenues for therapeutic development to target persistent infection. IMPORTANCE Enteroviruses are significant human pathogens that can cause severe disease, including cardiomyopathies. Viruses like coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) can cause tissue damage by lytically infecting cells; however, CVB3 can also persistently infect, which has been associated with several pathologies. Studying persistent infection in vitro is challenging, as CVB3 lytically infects most cellular model systems. Here, we show that CVB3 establishes persistent infection in pancreatic ductal cells in vitro, similar to prior studies on other coxsackieviruses. We also show that this infection results in adaptation of the virus to these cells, as well as changes to cellular metabolism of polyamines.https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00036-23persistencecoxsackieviruspolyaminespancreatic ductal cellsenterovirus |
| spellingShingle | Vincent Mastrodomenico Natalie J. LoMascolo Mason R. Firpo Maria del Mar Villanueva Guzman Adam Zaporowski Bryan C. Mounce Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism mSphere persistence coxsackievirus polyamines pancreatic ductal cells enterovirus |
| title | Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism |
| title_full | Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism |
| title_fullStr | Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism |
| title_full_unstemmed | Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism |
| title_short | Persistent Coxsackievirus B3 Infection in Pancreatic Ductal Cells In Vitro Downregulates Cellular Polyamine Metabolism |
| title_sort | persistent coxsackievirus b3 infection in pancreatic ductal cells in vitro downregulates cellular polyamine metabolism |
| topic | persistence coxsackievirus polyamines pancreatic ductal cells enterovirus |
| url | https://journals.asm.org/doi/10.1128/msphere.00036-23 |
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