Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil
(1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil has been performed mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-University of Oxford) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. The titers of IgG antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with vaccine efficacy. Studies comp...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Series: | Vaccines |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/1/21 |
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| author | Nigella M. Paula Marcelo S. Conzentino Ana C. A. Gonçalves Renata da Silva Karin V. Weissheimer Carlos H. S. Kluge Paulo H. S. A. Marins Haxley S. C. Camargo Lucas R. P. Farias Thamyres P. Sant’Ana Letícia R. Vargas Juliane D. Aldrighi Ênio S. Lima Guiomar T. Jacotenski Fabio O. Pedrosa Alan G. Gonçalves Emerson Joucoski Luciano F. Huergo |
| author_facet | Nigella M. Paula Marcelo S. Conzentino Ana C. A. Gonçalves Renata da Silva Karin V. Weissheimer Carlos H. S. Kluge Paulo H. S. A. Marins Haxley S. C. Camargo Lucas R. P. Farias Thamyres P. Sant’Ana Letícia R. Vargas Juliane D. Aldrighi Ênio S. Lima Guiomar T. Jacotenski Fabio O. Pedrosa Alan G. Gonçalves Emerson Joucoski Luciano F. Huergo |
| author_sort | Nigella M. Paula |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | (1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil has been performed mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-University of Oxford) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. The titers of IgG antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with vaccine efficacy. Studies comparing vaccine immunogenicity in a real-world scenario are lacking. (2) Methods: We performed a population-based study to analyze the immunoglobulin G response to different COVID-19 vaccines. Citizens older than 18 years (n = 2376) provided personal data, a self-declaration of any previous COVID-19 positive tests and information regarding COVID-19 vaccination: the vaccine popular name and the date of each dose. Blood samples were collected and the levels of IgG reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were determined and compared between different vaccine groups. (3) Results: The seroconversion for anti-spike IgG achieved > 95% by February 2022 and maintained stable until June 2022. Higher anti-spike IgG titers were detected in individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2, followed by ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac. The anti-spike IgG response was negatively correlated with age and interval after the second dose for the BNT162b2 vaccine. Natural infections boosted anti-spike IgG in those individuals who completed primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac, but not with BNT162b2. The levels of anti-spike IgG increased with the number of vaccine doses administered. The application of BNT162b2 as a 3rd booster dose resulted in high anti-spike IgG antibody titers, despite the type of vaccine used during primary vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirmed the effectiveness of the Brazilian vaccination program. Of the vaccines used in Brazil, BNT162b2 performed better to elicit anti-spike protein IgG after primary vaccination and as a booster dose and thus should be recommended as a booster whenever available. A continuous COVID-19 vaccination program will be required to sustain anti-spike IgG antibodies in the population. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:32Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d03ac3ea489a40ab9464972b56f9b130 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2076-393X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T11:05:32Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Vaccines |
| spelling | doaj.art-d03ac3ea489a40ab9464972b56f9b1302023-12-01T01:00:04ZengMDPI AGVaccines2076-393X2022-12-011112110.3390/vaccines11010021Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in BrazilNigella M. Paula0Marcelo S. Conzentino1Ana C. A. Gonçalves2Renata da Silva3Karin V. Weissheimer4Carlos H. S. Kluge5Paulo H. S. A. Marins6Haxley S. C. Camargo7Lucas R. P. Farias8Thamyres P. Sant’Ana9Letícia R. Vargas10Juliane D. Aldrighi11Ênio S. Lima12Guiomar T. Jacotenski13Fabio O. Pedrosa14Alan G. Gonçalves15Emerson Joucoski16Luciano F. Huergo17Setor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilGraduated Program in Sciences–Biochemistry, UFPR, Curitiba 81531-980, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, BrazilSetor Litoral, Federal University of Paraná, UFPR, Matinhos 83260-000, PR, Brazil(1) Background: COVID-19 vaccination in Brazil has been performed mostly with CoronaVac (Sinovac), ChAdOx1-S (AstraZeneca-University of Oxford) and BNT162b2 (Pfizer-BioNTech) vaccines. The titers of IgG antibodies reactive to the SARS-CoV-2 spike protein correlate with vaccine efficacy. Studies comparing vaccine immunogenicity in a real-world scenario are lacking. (2) Methods: We performed a population-based study to analyze the immunoglobulin G response to different COVID-19 vaccines. Citizens older than 18 years (n = 2376) provided personal data, a self-declaration of any previous COVID-19 positive tests and information regarding COVID-19 vaccination: the vaccine popular name and the date of each dose. Blood samples were collected and the levels of IgG reactive to SARS-CoV-2 antigens were determined and compared between different vaccine groups. (3) Results: The seroconversion for anti-spike IgG achieved > 95% by February 2022 and maintained stable until June 2022. Higher anti-spike IgG titers were detected in individuals vaccinated with BNT162b2, followed by ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac. The anti-spike IgG response was negatively correlated with age and interval after the second dose for the BNT162b2 vaccine. Natural infections boosted anti-spike IgG in those individuals who completed primary vaccination with ChAdOx1-S and CoronaVac, but not with BNT162b2. The levels of anti-spike IgG increased with the number of vaccine doses administered. The application of BNT162b2 as a 3rd booster dose resulted in high anti-spike IgG antibody titers, despite the type of vaccine used during primary vaccination. (4) Conclusions: Our data confirmed the effectiveness of the Brazilian vaccination program. Of the vaccines used in Brazil, BNT162b2 performed better to elicit anti-spike protein IgG after primary vaccination and as a booster dose and thus should be recommended as a booster whenever available. A continuous COVID-19 vaccination program will be required to sustain anti-spike IgG antibodies in the population.https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/1/21SARS-CoV-2humoral responsevaccine |
| spellingShingle | Nigella M. Paula Marcelo S. Conzentino Ana C. A. Gonçalves Renata da Silva Karin V. Weissheimer Carlos H. S. Kluge Paulo H. S. A. Marins Haxley S. C. Camargo Lucas R. P. Farias Thamyres P. Sant’Ana Letícia R. Vargas Juliane D. Aldrighi Ênio S. Lima Guiomar T. Jacotenski Fabio O. Pedrosa Alan G. Gonçalves Emerson Joucoski Luciano F. Huergo Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil Vaccines SARS-CoV-2 humoral response vaccine |
| title | Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil |
| title_full | Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil |
| title_fullStr | Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil |
| title_full_unstemmed | Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil |
| title_short | Population-Based Analysis of the Immunoglobulin G Response to Different COVID-19 Vaccines in Brazil |
| title_sort | population based analysis of the immunoglobulin g response to different covid 19 vaccines in brazil |
| topic | SARS-CoV-2 humoral response vaccine |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2076-393X/11/1/21 |
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