Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study
Modern urban human activities are largely restricted to the indoors, deprived of direct sunlight containing visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths at high irradiance levels. Therapeutic exposure to doses of red and NIR, known as photobiomodulation (PBM), has been effective for a broad range of...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2022-12-01
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/60 |
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| author | Marina Cecilia Giménez Michelle Luxwolda Eila G. Van Stipriaan Pauline P. Bollen Rieks L. Hoekman Marthe A. Koopmans Praveen R. Arany Michael R. Krames Anne C. Berends Roelof A. Hut Marijke C. M. Gordijn |
| author_facet | Marina Cecilia Giménez Michelle Luxwolda Eila G. Van Stipriaan Pauline P. Bollen Rieks L. Hoekman Marthe A. Koopmans Praveen R. Arany Michael R. Krames Anne C. Berends Roelof A. Hut Marijke C. M. Gordijn |
| author_sort | Marina Cecilia Giménez |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Modern urban human activities are largely restricted to the indoors, deprived of direct sunlight containing visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths at high irradiance levels. Therapeutic exposure to doses of red and NIR, known as photobiomodulation (PBM), has been effective for a broad range of conditions. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we aimed to assess the effects of a PBM home set-up on various aspects of well-being, health, sleep, and circadian rhythms in healthy human subjects with mild sleep complaints. The effects of three NIR light (850 nm) doses (1, 4, or 6.5 J·cm<sup>−2</sup>) were examined against the placebo. Exposure was presented five days per week between 9:30 am and 12:30 pm for four consecutive weeks. The study was conducted in both summer and winter to include seasonal variation. The results showed PBM treatment only at 6.5 J·cm<sup>−2</sup> to have consistent positive benefits on well-being and health, specifically improving mood, reducing drowsiness, reducing IFN-γ, and resting heart rate. This was only observed in winter. No significant effects on sleep or circadian rhythms were noted. This study provides further evidence that adequate exposure to NIR, especially during low sunlight conditions, such as in the winter, can be beneficial for human health and wellness. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:32:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d04415342d1446f1993c57f90af1d594 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2079-7737 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T13:32:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-12-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d04415342d1446f1993c57f90af1d5942023-11-30T21:16:47ZengMDPI AGBiology2079-77372022-12-011216010.3390/biology12010060Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled StudyMarina Cecilia Giménez0Michelle Luxwolda1Eila G. Van Stipriaan2Pauline P. Bollen3Rieks L. Hoekman4Marthe A. Koopmans5Praveen R. Arany6Michael R. Krames7Anne C. Berends8Roelof A. Hut9Marijke C. M. Gordijn10Chrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsDepartment of Oral Biology, Surgery and Biomedical Engineering, University at Buffalo, Buffalo, NY 14214, USASeaborough Life Science, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The NetherlandsSeaborough Life Science, 1098 XG Amsterdam, The NetherlandsGroningen Institute for Evolutionary Life Sciences, University of Groningen, 9747 AG Groningen, The NetherlandsChrono@Work B.V., 9743 AD Groningen, The NetherlandsModern urban human activities are largely restricted to the indoors, deprived of direct sunlight containing visible and near-infrared (NIR) wavelengths at high irradiance levels. Therapeutic exposure to doses of red and NIR, known as photobiomodulation (PBM), has been effective for a broad range of conditions. In a double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled study, we aimed to assess the effects of a PBM home set-up on various aspects of well-being, health, sleep, and circadian rhythms in healthy human subjects with mild sleep complaints. The effects of three NIR light (850 nm) doses (1, 4, or 6.5 J·cm<sup>−2</sup>) were examined against the placebo. Exposure was presented five days per week between 9:30 am and 12:30 pm for four consecutive weeks. The study was conducted in both summer and winter to include seasonal variation. The results showed PBM treatment only at 6.5 J·cm<sup>−2</sup> to have consistent positive benefits on well-being and health, specifically improving mood, reducing drowsiness, reducing IFN-γ, and resting heart rate. This was only observed in winter. No significant effects on sleep or circadian rhythms were noted. This study provides further evidence that adequate exposure to NIR, especially during low sunlight conditions, such as in the winter, can be beneficial for human health and wellness.https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/60photobiomodulationnear-infraredsleephuman clinical trialimmune systemheart rate |
| spellingShingle | Marina Cecilia Giménez Michelle Luxwolda Eila G. Van Stipriaan Pauline P. Bollen Rieks L. Hoekman Marthe A. Koopmans Praveen R. Arany Michael R. Krames Anne C. Berends Roelof A. Hut Marijke C. M. Gordijn Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study Biology photobiomodulation near-infrared sleep human clinical trial immune system heart rate |
| title | Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_full | Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_fullStr | Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_short | Effects of Near-Infrared Light on Well-Being and Health in Human Subjects with Mild Sleep-Related Complaints: A Double-Blind, Randomized, Placebo-Controlled Study |
| title_sort | effects of near infrared light on well being and health in human subjects with mild sleep related complaints a double blind randomized placebo controlled study |
| topic | photobiomodulation near-infrared sleep human clinical trial immune system heart rate |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2079-7737/12/1/60 |
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