Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage
Abstract Objectives Olfactory function, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cognitive function were compared between bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SP) patients in the remission stage combined with correlation analysis, with the aim of identifying new indicators for the auxiliary dia...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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BMC
2023-11-01
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| Series: | BMC Psychiatry |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05330-6 |
| _version_ | 1797630053255741440 |
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| author | Langjun Su Xianlin Liu Yingying Li Huiqian Yuan Qiping Li Chunyang Li |
| author_facet | Langjun Su Xianlin Liu Yingying Li Huiqian Yuan Qiping Li Chunyang Li |
| author_sort | Langjun Su |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Objectives Olfactory function, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cognitive function were compared between bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SP) patients in the remission stage combined with correlation analysis, with the aim of identifying new indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of these psychiatric illnesses. Methods A total of 46 euthymic BD patients, 42 clinically stable SP patients and 42 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) were assessed using Sniffin’ Sticks test, and serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton anxiety scale, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Social function was evaluated with the Global Assessment Function (GAF) scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and Digit Cancellation Test (DCT). Results OI and cognitive function scores and serum TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the BD and SP patients compared with the HC participants. There was no significant difference between the BD and SP groups, and there were no significant differences in OS among the three groups. OI score was positively correlated with years of education in both the BD and SP groups. OI score in the SP group was negatively correlated with age and PANSS score, and positively correlated with GAF score. In the BD group, OS was positively correlated with DCT II and DCT III. In the SP group, OS and OI scores were positively correlated with DCT III, and negatively correlated with TMT-A time. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between TNF-α and DCT II in the BD group. There was no significant linear correlation between olfactory function and TNF-α in the BD or SP group. Conclusion OI may be a trait marker for BD and SP. Some cognitive functions may be correlated not only with TNF-α in BD patients in remission, but also with olfactory function in BD and SP patients in remission. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:02:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d050c84401a24cf0bc370f3d86b662a4 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-244X |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-11T11:02:36Z |
| publishDate | 2023-11-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Psychiatry |
| spelling | doaj.art-d050c84401a24cf0bc370f3d86b662a42023-11-12T12:25:52ZengBMCBMC Psychiatry1471-244X2023-11-0123111010.1186/s12888-023-05330-6Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stageLangjun Su0Xianlin Liu1Yingying Li2Huiqian Yuan3Qiping Li4Chunyang Li5Department of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalDepartment of Psychiatry, Shunde WuZhongpei Memorial HospitalAbstract Objectives Olfactory function, serum tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) and cognitive function were compared between bipolar disorder (BD) and schizophrenia (SP) patients in the remission stage combined with correlation analysis, with the aim of identifying new indicators for the auxiliary diagnosis of these psychiatric illnesses. Methods A total of 46 euthymic BD patients, 42 clinically stable SP patients and 42 healthy controls (HC) were included in this study. Olfactory sensitivity (OS) and olfactory identification (OI) were assessed using Sniffin’ Sticks test, and serum TNF-α levels were measured by ELISA. Clinical symptoms were evaluated with the Hamilton Rating Scale for Depression, Young Mania Rating Scale, Hamilton anxiety scale, and the Positive and Negative Syndrome Scale (PANSS). Social function was evaluated with the Global Assessment Function (GAF) scale. Cognitive function was evaluated using the Trail Making Test-A (TMT-A) and Digit Cancellation Test (DCT). Results OI and cognitive function scores and serum TNF-α levels were significantly lower in the BD and SP patients compared with the HC participants. There was no significant difference between the BD and SP groups, and there were no significant differences in OS among the three groups. OI score was positively correlated with years of education in both the BD and SP groups. OI score in the SP group was negatively correlated with age and PANSS score, and positively correlated with GAF score. In the BD group, OS was positively correlated with DCT II and DCT III. In the SP group, OS and OI scores were positively correlated with DCT III, and negatively correlated with TMT-A time. Furthermore, there was a positive correlation between TNF-α and DCT II in the BD group. There was no significant linear correlation between olfactory function and TNF-α in the BD or SP group. Conclusion OI may be a trait marker for BD and SP. Some cognitive functions may be correlated not only with TNF-α in BD patients in remission, but also with olfactory function in BD and SP patients in remission.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05330-6Bipolar disorderSchizophreniaRemission stageOlfactory sensitivityOlfactory identificationCognitive function |
| spellingShingle | Langjun Su Xianlin Liu Yingying Li Huiqian Yuan Qiping Li Chunyang Li Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage BMC Psychiatry Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Remission stage Olfactory sensitivity Olfactory identification Cognitive function |
| title | Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| title_full | Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| title_fullStr | Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| title_full_unstemmed | Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| title_short | Comparison of olfactory function, cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor-α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| title_sort | comparison of olfactory function cognitive function and serum tumor necrosis factor α between bipolar and schizophrenic patients in the remission stage |
| topic | Bipolar disorder Schizophrenia Remission stage Olfactory sensitivity Olfactory identification Cognitive function |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12888-023-05330-6 |
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