Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study
Introduction: The increasing use of electronic gadgets (e-gadgets) has dramatically changed the adolescent lifestyle. There are rising concerns about the ill effects of the high usage of illuminated screens on vision, especially in adolescents. Objectives: The objective was to explore the pattern of...
| Main Authors: | , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications
2023-01-01
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| Series: | The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | http://www.thepajo.org/article.asp?issn=2666-4909;year=2023;volume=5;issue=1;spage=4;epage=4;aulast=Inchara |
| _version_ | 1797221380473749504 |
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| author | N Inchara Sai Monisha Jammula B A Praveen Kumar |
| author_facet | N Inchara Sai Monisha Jammula B A Praveen Kumar |
| author_sort | N Inchara |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Introduction: The increasing use of electronic gadgets (e-gadgets) has dramatically changed the adolescent lifestyle. There are rising concerns about the ill effects of the high usage of illuminated screens on vision, especially in adolescents.
Objectives: The objective was to explore the pattern of e-gadget use and its association with refractive errors (REs) among adolescents.
Methods: A case–control study was carried out among adolescents attending a tertiary care hospital. Adolescents with REs (cases) were compared with those without REs (controls) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two hundred matched adolescents (case-to-control ratio 1:1) were interviewed for exposure history to e-gadget use and pattern. The Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to find the association between e-gadget use and REs.
Results: Age (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 16.8 ± 3.3 years) and gender distribution between cases and controls were comparable. The e-gadget exposure among cases was higher than in controls (OR 1.4 P > 0.05); however, it is the duration of e-gadget exposure for >5 years was significantly higher among the cases (OR 4.6 P < 0.05). During e-gadget usage, sitting posture (OR 7.5 P < 0.05), poor lighting, indoor activity, and irregular sleep patterns were higher among cases. The purpose of using e-gadgets was predominantly for social media and browsing in cases and the educational or reading purpose among controls.
Conclusion: Lesser duration, correct posture, and proper purpose of exposure to e-gadget are associated with lesser risk for REs. Results highlight the collective role of adolescents, parents, teachers, and doctors in education and lifestyle modification on e-gadget use. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:04:31Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d063d54858944e03a184cebfa16ec2b8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2666-4909 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T13:04:31Z |
| publishDate | 2023-01-01 |
| publisher | Wolters Kluwer Medknow Publications |
| record_format | Article |
| series | The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d063d54858944e03a184cebfa16ec2b82024-04-05T08:37:13ZengWolters Kluwer Medknow PublicationsThe Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology2666-49092023-01-01514410.4103/pajo.pajo_68_22Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control studyN IncharaSai Monisha JammulaB A Praveen KumarIntroduction: The increasing use of electronic gadgets (e-gadgets) has dramatically changed the adolescent lifestyle. There are rising concerns about the ill effects of the high usage of illuminated screens on vision, especially in adolescents. Objectives: The objective was to explore the pattern of e-gadget use and its association with refractive errors (REs) among adolescents. Methods: A case–control study was carried out among adolescents attending a tertiary care hospital. Adolescents with REs (cases) were compared with those without REs (controls) based on the inclusion and exclusion criteria. Two hundred matched adolescents (case-to-control ratio 1:1) were interviewed for exposure history to e-gadget use and pattern. The Chi-square test and odds ratio (OR) were calculated to find the association between e-gadget use and REs. Results: Age (17.3 ± 3.4 vs. 16.8 ± 3.3 years) and gender distribution between cases and controls were comparable. The e-gadget exposure among cases was higher than in controls (OR 1.4 P > 0.05); however, it is the duration of e-gadget exposure for >5 years was significantly higher among the cases (OR 4.6 P < 0.05). During e-gadget usage, sitting posture (OR 7.5 P < 0.05), poor lighting, indoor activity, and irregular sleep patterns were higher among cases. The purpose of using e-gadgets was predominantly for social media and browsing in cases and the educational or reading purpose among controls. Conclusion: Lesser duration, correct posture, and proper purpose of exposure to e-gadget are associated with lesser risk for REs. Results highlight the collective role of adolescents, parents, teachers, and doctors in education and lifestyle modification on e-gadget use.http://www.thepajo.org/article.asp?issn=2666-4909;year=2023;volume=5;issue=1;spage=4;epage=4;aulast=Incharaadolescentscase–control studyelectronic gadgetsrefractive errorsscreen timevisual impairment |
| spellingShingle | N Inchara Sai Monisha Jammula B A Praveen Kumar Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study The Pan-American Journal of Ophthalmology adolescents case–control study electronic gadgets refractive errors screen time visual impairment |
| title | Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study |
| title_full | Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study |
| title_fullStr | Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study |
| title_full_unstemmed | Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study |
| title_short | Exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents: A case–control study |
| title_sort | exposure to electronic gadgets and refractive errors among adolescents a case control study |
| topic | adolescents case–control study electronic gadgets refractive errors screen time visual impairment |
| url | http://www.thepajo.org/article.asp?issn=2666-4909;year=2023;volume=5;issue=1;spage=4;epage=4;aulast=Inchara |
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