Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial
High protein intake during infancy results in accelerated early weight gain and potentially later obesity. The aim of this follow-up study at 12 months was to evaluate if modified low-protein formulas fed during early infancy have long-term effects on growth and metabolism. In a double-blinded RCT,...
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| Format: | Article |
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MDPI AG
2024-04-01
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| Series: | Nutrients |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1026 |
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| author | Ulrika Tinghäll Nilsson Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Anne Staudt Kvistgaard Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen Pia Karlsland Åkeson |
| author_facet | Ulrika Tinghäll Nilsson Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Anne Staudt Kvistgaard Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen Pia Karlsland Åkeson |
| author_sort | Ulrika Tinghäll Nilsson |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | High protein intake during infancy results in accelerated early weight gain and potentially later obesity. The aim of this follow-up study at 12 months was to evaluate if modified low-protein formulas fed during early infancy have long-term effects on growth and metabolism. In a double-blinded RCT, the ALFoNS study, 245 healthy-term infants received low-protein formulas with either alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal), casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal), or standard infant formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal) between 2 and 6 months of age. Breastfed (BF) infants served as a reference. At 12 months, anthropometrics and dietary intake were assessed, and serum was analyzed for insulin, C-peptide, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Weight gain between 6 and 12 months and BMI at 12 months were higher in the SF than in the BF infants (<i>p</i> = 0.019; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), but were not significantly different between the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. S-insulin and C-peptide were higher in the SF than in the BF group (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively), but more alike in the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. Serum IGF-1 at 12 months was similar in all study groups. Conclusion: Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy seems to reduce insulin resistance, resulting in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants at 6-months post intervention. Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy results in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants 6-months post intervention, probably due to reduced insulin resistance in the low-protein groups. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:38:24Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d0643457f41e45bd93071ab7ad3acfd8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6643 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-24T10:38:24Z |
| publishDate | 2024-04-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Nutrients |
| spelling | doaj.art-d0643457f41e45bd93071ab7ad3acfd82024-04-12T13:24:24ZengMDPI AGNutrients2072-66432024-04-01167102610.3390/nu16071026Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled TrialUlrika Tinghäll Nilsson0Bo Lönnerdal1Olle Hernell2Anne Staudt Kvistgaard3Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen4Pia Karlsland Åkeson5Department of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, SwedenDepartment of Nutrition, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USADepartment of Clinical Sciences, Pediatrics, Umeå University, 901 87 Umeå, SwedenArla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, 8260 Viby, DenmarkArla Foods Ingredients Group P/S, 8260 Viby, DenmarkDepartment of Clinical Sciences Malmö, Pediatrics, Lund University, 221 00 Lund, SwedenHigh protein intake during infancy results in accelerated early weight gain and potentially later obesity. The aim of this follow-up study at 12 months was to evaluate if modified low-protein formulas fed during early infancy have long-term effects on growth and metabolism. In a double-blinded RCT, the ALFoNS study, 245 healthy-term infants received low-protein formulas with either alpha-lactalbumin-enriched whey (α-lac-EW; 1.75 g protein/100 kcal), casein glycomacropeptide-reduced whey (CGMP-RW; 1.76 g protein/100 kcal), or standard infant formula (SF; 2.2 g protein/100 kcal) between 2 and 6 months of age. Breastfed (BF) infants served as a reference. At 12 months, anthropometrics and dietary intake were assessed, and serum was analyzed for insulin, C-peptide, and insulin-like growth factor 1 (IGF-1). Weight gain between 6 and 12 months and BMI at 12 months were higher in the SF than in the BF infants (<i>p</i> = 0.019; <i>p</i> < 0.001, respectively), but were not significantly different between the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. S-insulin and C-peptide were higher in the SF than in the BF group (<i>p</i> < 0.001; <i>p</i> = 0.003, respectively), but more alike in the low-protein formula groups and the BF group. Serum IGF-1 at 12 months was similar in all study groups. Conclusion: Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy seems to reduce insulin resistance, resulting in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants at 6-months post intervention. Feeding modified low-protein formula during early infancy results in more similar growth, serum insulin, and C-peptide concentrations to BF infants 6-months post intervention, probably due to reduced insulin resistance in the low-protein groups.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1026alpha-lactalbuminCGMPinfant growthinfant formulalow-proteininfant nutrition |
| spellingShingle | Ulrika Tinghäll Nilsson Bo Lönnerdal Olle Hernell Anne Staudt Kvistgaard Lotte Neergaard Jacobsen Pia Karlsland Åkeson Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial Nutrients alpha-lactalbumin CGMP infant growth infant formula low-protein infant nutrition |
| title | Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full | Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_fullStr | Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_full_unstemmed | Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_short | Low-Protein Infant Formula Enriched with Alpha-Lactalbumin during Early Infancy May Reduce Insulin Resistance at 12 Months: A Follow-Up of a Randomized Controlled Trial |
| title_sort | low protein infant formula enriched with alpha lactalbumin during early infancy may reduce insulin resistance at 12 months a follow up of a randomized controlled trial |
| topic | alpha-lactalbumin CGMP infant growth infant formula low-protein infant nutrition |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6643/16/7/1026 |
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