Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.
European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) are susceptible to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, when challenged intracerebrally but their susceptibility to alimentary challenge, the presumed natural route of transmission, is unknown....
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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Public Library of Science (PLoS)
2015-01-01
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| Series: | PLoS ONE |
| Online Access: | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4304823?pdf=render |
| _version_ | 1818108327730610176 |
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| author | Mark P Dagleish Stuart Martin Philip Steele Jeanie Finlayson Samantha L Eaton Sílvia Sisó Paula Stewart Natalia Fernández-Borges Scott Hamilton Yvonne Pang Francesca Chianini Hugh W Reid Wilfred Goldmann Lorenzo González Joaquín Castilla Martin Jeffrey |
| author_facet | Mark P Dagleish Stuart Martin Philip Steele Jeanie Finlayson Samantha L Eaton Sílvia Sisó Paula Stewart Natalia Fernández-Borges Scott Hamilton Yvonne Pang Francesca Chianini Hugh W Reid Wilfred Goldmann Lorenzo González Joaquín Castilla Martin Jeffrey |
| author_sort | Mark P Dagleish |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) are susceptible to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, when challenged intracerebrally but their susceptibility to alimentary challenge, the presumed natural route of transmission, is unknown. To determine this, eighteen deer were challenged via stomach tube with a large dose of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent and clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, presence and distribution of abnormal prion protein and the attack rate recorded. Only a single animal developed clinical disease, and this was acute with both neurological and respiratory signs, at 1726 days post challenge although there was significant (27.6%) weight loss in the preceding 141 days. The clinically affected animal had histological lesions of vacuolation in the neuronal perikaryon and neuropil, typical of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Abnormal prion protein, the diagnostic marker of transmissible encephalopathies, was primarily restricted to the central and peripheral nervous systems although a very small amount was present in tingible body macrophages in the lymphoid patches of the caecum and colon. Serial protein misfolding cyclical amplification, an in vitro ultra-sensitive diagnostic technique, was positive for neurological tissue from the single clinically diseased deer. All other alimentary challenged deer failed to develop clinical disease and were negative for all other investigations. These findings show that transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to European red deer via the alimentary route is possible but the transmission rate is low. Additionally, when deer carcases are subjected to the same regulations that ruminants in Europe with respect to the removal of specified offal from the human food chain, the zoonotic risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, from consumption of venison is probably very low. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:13:36Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d067c5cca9484733b44b5f252cfe36c0 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1932-6203 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-11T02:13:36Z |
| publishDate | 2015-01-01 |
| publisher | Public Library of Science (PLoS) |
| record_format | Article |
| series | PLoS ONE |
| spelling | doaj.art-d067c5cca9484733b44b5f252cfe36c02022-12-22T01:24:14ZengPublic Library of Science (PLoS)PLoS ONE1932-62032015-01-01101e011609410.1371/journal.pone.0116094Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy.Mark P DagleishStuart MartinPhilip SteeleJeanie FinlaysonSamantha L EatonSílvia SisóPaula StewartNatalia Fernández-BorgesScott HamiltonYvonne PangFrancesca ChianiniHugh W ReidWilfred GoldmannLorenzo GonzálezJoaquín CastillaMartin JeffreyEuropean red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) are susceptible to the agent of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, one of the transmissible spongiform encephalopathies, when challenged intracerebrally but their susceptibility to alimentary challenge, the presumed natural route of transmission, is unknown. To determine this, eighteen deer were challenged via stomach tube with a large dose of the bovine spongiform encephalopathy agent and clinical signs, gross and histological lesions, presence and distribution of abnormal prion protein and the attack rate recorded. Only a single animal developed clinical disease, and this was acute with both neurological and respiratory signs, at 1726 days post challenge although there was significant (27.6%) weight loss in the preceding 141 days. The clinically affected animal had histological lesions of vacuolation in the neuronal perikaryon and neuropil, typical of transmissible spongiform encephalopathies. Abnormal prion protein, the diagnostic marker of transmissible encephalopathies, was primarily restricted to the central and peripheral nervous systems although a very small amount was present in tingible body macrophages in the lymphoid patches of the caecum and colon. Serial protein misfolding cyclical amplification, an in vitro ultra-sensitive diagnostic technique, was positive for neurological tissue from the single clinically diseased deer. All other alimentary challenged deer failed to develop clinical disease and were negative for all other investigations. These findings show that transmission of bovine spongiform encephalopathy to European red deer via the alimentary route is possible but the transmission rate is low. Additionally, when deer carcases are subjected to the same regulations that ruminants in Europe with respect to the removal of specified offal from the human food chain, the zoonotic risk of bovine spongiform encephalopathy, the cause of variant Creutzfeldt-Jakob disease, from consumption of venison is probably very low.http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4304823?pdf=render |
| spellingShingle | Mark P Dagleish Stuart Martin Philip Steele Jeanie Finlayson Samantha L Eaton Sílvia Sisó Paula Stewart Natalia Fernández-Borges Scott Hamilton Yvonne Pang Francesca Chianini Hugh W Reid Wilfred Goldmann Lorenzo González Joaquín Castilla Martin Jeffrey Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. PLoS ONE |
| title | Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_full | Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_fullStr | Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_full_unstemmed | Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_short | Susceptibility of European red deer (Cervus elaphus elaphus) to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy. |
| title_sort | susceptibility of european red deer cervus elaphus elaphus to alimentary challenge with bovine spongiform encephalopathy |
| url | http://europepmc.org/articles/PMC4304823?pdf=render |
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