A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender
Accurate muscle reconstructions can offer new information on the anatomy of fossil organisms and are also important for biomechanical analysis (multibody dynamics and finite-element analysis (FEA)). For the sake of simplicity, muscles are often modelled as point-to-point strands or frustra (cut-off...
| Main Authors: | , , , , |
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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The Royal Society
2022-08-01
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| Series: | Royal Society Open Science |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220519 |
| _version_ | 1797840304534978560 |
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| author | Eva C. Herbst Luke E. Meade Stephan Lautenschlager Niccolo Fioritti Torsten M. Scheyer |
| author_facet | Eva C. Herbst Luke E. Meade Stephan Lautenschlager Niccolo Fioritti Torsten M. Scheyer |
| author_sort | Eva C. Herbst |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Accurate muscle reconstructions can offer new information on the anatomy of fossil organisms and are also important for biomechanical analysis (multibody dynamics and finite-element analysis (FEA)). For the sake of simplicity, muscles are often modelled as point-to-point strands or frustra (cut-off cones) in biomechanical models. However, there are cases in which it is useful to model the muscle morphology in three dimensions, to better examine the effects of muscle shape and size. This is especially important for fossil analyses, where muscle force is estimated from the reconstructed muscle morphology (rather than based on data collected in vivo). The two main aims of this paper are as follows. First, we created a new interactive tool in the free open access software Blender to enable interactive three-dimensional modelling of muscles. This approach can be applied to both palaeontological and human biomechanics research to generate muscle force magnitudes and lines of action for FEA. Second, we provide a guide on how to use existing Blender tools to reconstruct distorted or incomplete specimens. This guide is aimed at palaeontologists but can also be used by anatomists working with damaged specimens or to test functional implication of hypothetical morphologies. |
| first_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:12:47Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d06e5f9a534b4973bc1bf58b56a8a5e8 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2054-5703 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-04-09T16:12:47Z |
| publishDate | 2022-08-01 |
| publisher | The Royal Society |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Royal Society Open Science |
| spelling | doaj.art-d06e5f9a534b4973bc1bf58b56a8a5e82023-04-24T09:17:22ZengThe Royal SocietyRoyal Society Open Science2054-57032022-08-019810.1098/rsos.220519A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in BlenderEva C. Herbst0Luke E. Meade1Stephan Lautenschlager2Niccolo Fioritti3Torsten M. Scheyer4Palaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKSchool of Geography, Earth and Environmental Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham, UKDepartment of Cell and Developmental Biology, University College London, London, UKPalaeontological Institute and Museum, University of Zurich, Zurich, SwitzerlandAccurate muscle reconstructions can offer new information on the anatomy of fossil organisms and are also important for biomechanical analysis (multibody dynamics and finite-element analysis (FEA)). For the sake of simplicity, muscles are often modelled as point-to-point strands or frustra (cut-off cones) in biomechanical models. However, there are cases in which it is useful to model the muscle morphology in three dimensions, to better examine the effects of muscle shape and size. This is especially important for fossil analyses, where muscle force is estimated from the reconstructed muscle morphology (rather than based on data collected in vivo). The two main aims of this paper are as follows. First, we created a new interactive tool in the free open access software Blender to enable interactive three-dimensional modelling of muscles. This approach can be applied to both palaeontological and human biomechanics research to generate muscle force magnitudes and lines of action for FEA. Second, we provide a guide on how to use existing Blender tools to reconstruct distorted or incomplete specimens. This guide is aimed at palaeontologists but can also be used by anatomists working with damaged specimens or to test functional implication of hypothetical morphologies.https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220519blenderreconstructionretrodeformationmodellingfossilsmuscles |
| spellingShingle | Eva C. Herbst Luke E. Meade Stephan Lautenschlager Niccolo Fioritti Torsten M. Scheyer A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender Royal Society Open Science blender reconstruction retrodeformation modelling fossils muscles |
| title | A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender |
| title_full | A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender |
| title_fullStr | A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender |
| title_full_unstemmed | A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender |
| title_short | A toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in Blender |
| title_sort | toolbox for the retrodeformation and muscle reconstruction of fossil specimens in blender |
| topic | blender reconstruction retrodeformation modelling fossils muscles |
| url | https://royalsocietypublishing.org/doi/10.1098/rsos.220519 |
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