More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China
Abstract Background The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in Eastern Asia (EAS) are thought to be one of the main factors responsible for a prominent species diversity anomaly of temperate plants between EAS and eastern North America (ENS). However, how the broad continuum and ni...
| Main Authors: | , , , , , , , , |
|---|---|
| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
| Published: |
BMC
2022-01-01
|
| Series: | BMC Plant Biology |
| Subjects: | |
| Online Access: | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03420-9 |
| _version_ | 1818954815573590016 |
|---|---|
| author | Dengmei Fan Shuqing Lei Hua Liang Qi Yao Yixuan Kou Shanmei Cheng Yi Yang Yingxiong Qiu Zhiyong Zhang |
| author_facet | Dengmei Fan Shuqing Lei Hua Liang Qi Yao Yixuan Kou Shanmei Cheng Yi Yang Yingxiong Qiu Zhiyong Zhang |
| author_sort | Dengmei Fan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Abstract Background The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in Eastern Asia (EAS) are thought to be one of the main factors responsible for a prominent species diversity anomaly of temperate plants between EAS and eastern North America (ENS). However, how the broad continuum and niche evolution between tropical and temperate floras in EAS contributes to lineage divergence and species diversity remains largely unknown. Results Population genetic structure, demography, and determinants of genetic structure [i.e., isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-resistance (IBR), and isolation-by-environment (IBE)] of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) were evaluated by examining sequence variation of ten low-copy nuclear genes across 43 populations in southeast China. Climatic niche difference and potential distributions across four periods (Current, mid-Holocene, the last glacial maximum, the last interglacial) of two genetic clusters were determined by niche modelling. North and south clusters of populations in M. thunbergii were revealed and their demarcation line corresponds well with the northern boundary of tropical zone in China of Zhu & Wan. The divergence time between the clusters and demographic expansion of M. thunbergii occurred after the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT, 0.8–1.2 Ma). Migration rates between clusters were asymmetrical, being much greater from north to south than the reverse. Significant effects of IBE, but non-significant effects of IBD and IBR on population genetic divergence were detected. The two clusters have different ecological niches and require different temperature regimes. Conclusions The north-south genetic differentiation may be common across the temperate-tropical boundary in southeast China. Divergent selection under different temperature regimes (possibly above and below freezing temperature in winter) could account for this divergence pattern. The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in EAS may have provided ample opportunities for tropical plant lineages to acquire freezing tolerance and to colonize the temperate regions during the late-Cenozoic global cooling. Our findings shed deeper insights into the high temperate plant species diversity in EAS. |
| first_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:28:10Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d077c1d7458c4160b1cad2ce5f55a7c1 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 1471-2229 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-12-20T10:28:10Z |
| publishDate | 2022-01-01 |
| publisher | BMC |
| record_format | Article |
| series | BMC Plant Biology |
| spelling | doaj.art-d077c1d7458c4160b1cad2ce5f55a7c12022-12-21T19:43:47ZengBMCBMC Plant Biology1471-22292022-01-0122111510.1186/s12870-021-03420-9More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast ChinaDengmei Fan0Shuqing Lei1Hua Liang2Qi Yao3Yixuan Kou4Shanmei Cheng5Yi Yang6Yingxiong Qiu7Zhiyong Zhang8Laboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversitySystematic & Evolutionary Botany and Biodiversity Group, MOE Laboratory of Biosystem Homeostasis and Protection, College of Life Sciences, Zhejiang UniversityLaboratory of Subtropical Biodiversity, Jiangxi Agricultural UniversityAbstract Background The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in Eastern Asia (EAS) are thought to be one of the main factors responsible for a prominent species diversity anomaly of temperate plants between EAS and eastern North America (ENS). However, how the broad continuum and niche evolution between tropical and temperate floras in EAS contributes to lineage divergence and species diversity remains largely unknown. Results Population genetic structure, demography, and determinants of genetic structure [i.e., isolation-by-distance (IBD), isolation-by-resistance (IBR), and isolation-by-environment (IBE)] of Machilus thunbergii Sieb. et Zucc. (Lauraceae) were evaluated by examining sequence variation of ten low-copy nuclear genes across 43 populations in southeast China. Climatic niche difference and potential distributions across four periods (Current, mid-Holocene, the last glacial maximum, the last interglacial) of two genetic clusters were determined by niche modelling. North and south clusters of populations in M. thunbergii were revealed and their demarcation line corresponds well with the northern boundary of tropical zone in China of Zhu & Wan. The divergence time between the clusters and demographic expansion of M. thunbergii occurred after the mid-Pleistocene climate transition (MPT, 0.8–1.2 Ma). Migration rates between clusters were asymmetrical, being much greater from north to south than the reverse. Significant effects of IBE, but non-significant effects of IBD and IBR on population genetic divergence were detected. The two clusters have different ecological niches and require different temperature regimes. Conclusions The north-south genetic differentiation may be common across the temperate-tropical boundary in southeast China. Divergent selection under different temperature regimes (possibly above and below freezing temperature in winter) could account for this divergence pattern. The broad continuum between tropical and temperate floras in EAS may have provided ample opportunities for tropical plant lineages to acquire freezing tolerance and to colonize the temperate regions during the late-Cenozoic global cooling. Our findings shed deeper insights into the high temperate plant species diversity in EAS.https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03420-9Population differentiationSpecies diversity anomalyIsolation-by-environmentFreezing temperatureTropical niche conservatismMachilus thunbergii |
| spellingShingle | Dengmei Fan Shuqing Lei Hua Liang Qi Yao Yixuan Kou Shanmei Cheng Yi Yang Yingxiong Qiu Zhiyong Zhang More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China BMC Plant Biology Population differentiation Species diversity anomaly Isolation-by-environment Freezing temperature Tropical niche conservatism Machilus thunbergii |
| title | More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China |
| title_full | More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China |
| title_fullStr | More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China |
| title_full_unstemmed | More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China |
| title_short | More opportunities more species: Pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad-leaved tree species Machilus thunbergii (Lauraceae) in Southeast China |
| title_sort | more opportunities more species pleistocene differentiation and northward expansion of an evergreen broad leaved tree species machilus thunbergii lauraceae in southeast china |
| topic | Population differentiation Species diversity anomaly Isolation-by-environment Freezing temperature Tropical niche conservatism Machilus thunbergii |
| url | https://doi.org/10.1186/s12870-021-03420-9 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT dengmeifan moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT shuqinglei moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT hualiang moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT qiyao moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT yixuankou moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT shanmeicheng moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT yiyang moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT yingxiongqiu moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina AT zhiyongzhang moreopportunitiesmorespeciespleistocenedifferentiationandnorthwardexpansionofanevergreenbroadleavedtreespeciesmachilusthunbergiilauraceaeinsoutheastchina |