Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems
Currently, microplastic pollution poses a great threat to diverse ecosystems. Microplastics can potentially change soil characteristics and impact soil microorganisms, and then affect the production of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and other greenhouse gases. However, experi...
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MDPI AG
2022-10-01
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| Series: | Atmosphere |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1796 |
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| author | Xiaoyu Li Lirong Zhang Lifeng Zhou Jian Liu Meng Zhou Zhengyu Lin Min Luo Baohua Zhang Leilei Xiao |
| author_facet | Xiaoyu Li Lirong Zhang Lifeng Zhou Jian Liu Meng Zhou Zhengyu Lin Min Luo Baohua Zhang Leilei Xiao |
| author_sort | Xiaoyu Li |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Currently, microplastic pollution poses a great threat to diverse ecosystems. Microplastics can potentially change soil characteristics and impact soil microorganisms, and then affect the production of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and other greenhouse gases. However, experimental study on different ecological soils is lacking. Herein, we experimentally analyzed the CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production potential affected by four types of microplastics in freshwater (Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, paddy soil in Hunan province) and saltwater (Salt marsh in Shandong province, mangrove soil in Fujian province) ecosystems. Microplastics promoted CO<sub>2</sub> production, of which polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had the greatest impact. In our study, the microplastics that had the greatest impact on CH<sub>4</sub> concentration emissions were high-density polyethylene (1276 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by polyvinyl chloride (384 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), polyethylene terephthalate (198 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and polyamide (134 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>). In addition, the largest impact on CO<sub>2</sub> concentration emissions was displayed by polyethylene terephthalate (2253 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by polyvinyl chloride (2194 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), polyamide (2006 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and high-density polyethylene (1522 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>). However, the analysis results based on one-way ANOVA showed that CO<sub>2</sub> emission was most significantly affected by soil properties rather than microplastics types. In comparison, the influencing factor on CH<sub>4</sub> production changed from soil types to the interaction between soil types and microplastics, and finally to the microplastics with the increase in incubation time. Further, by comparing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production and Global Warming Equivalent (GWE) affected by microplastics, freshwater ecosystems were more sensitive than saltwater. For all the soil types used in this study, high-density polyethylene had the greatest impact on CH<sub>4</sub> production potential. In conclusion, our study provided basic data for further understanding the effects of microplastics on soil greenhouse gas emissions from different sources. |
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| spelling | doaj.art-d07b50eeb6384fbda4125e4bb45778882023-11-24T03:42:22ZengMDPI AGAtmosphere2073-44332022-10-011311179610.3390/atmos13111796Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater EcosystemsXiaoyu Li0Lirong Zhang1Lifeng Zhou2Jian Liu3Meng Zhou4Zhengyu Lin5Min Luo6Baohua Zhang7Leilei Xiao8School of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaSchool of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, ChinaKey Laboratory of Mollisols Agroecology, Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Harbin 150081, ChinaShandong Key Laboratory of Biophysics, Institute of Biophysics, Dezhou University, Dezhou 253023, ChinaCollege of Environment and Safety Engineering, Fuzhou University, Fuzhou 350116, ChinaSchool of Geography and Environment, Liaocheng University, Liaocheng 252059, ChinaCAS Key Laboratory of Coastal Environmental Processes and Ecological Remediation, Yantai Institute of Coastal Zone Research, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Yantai 264003, ChinaCurrently, microplastic pollution poses a great threat to diverse ecosystems. Microplastics can potentially change soil characteristics and impact soil microorganisms, and then affect the production of CO<sub>2</sub>, CH<sub>4</sub> and other greenhouse gases. However, experimental study on different ecological soils is lacking. Herein, we experimentally analyzed the CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production potential affected by four types of microplastics in freshwater (Poyang Lake in Jiangxi province, paddy soil in Hunan province) and saltwater (Salt marsh in Shandong province, mangrove soil in Fujian province) ecosystems. Microplastics promoted CO<sub>2</sub> production, of which polyethylene terephthalate (PET) had the greatest impact. In our study, the microplastics that had the greatest impact on CH<sub>4</sub> concentration emissions were high-density polyethylene (1276 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by polyvinyl chloride (384 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), polyethylene terephthalate (198 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and polyamide (134 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>). In addition, the largest impact on CO<sub>2</sub> concentration emissions was displayed by polyethylene terephthalate (2253 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), followed by polyvinyl chloride (2194 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), polyamide (2006 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>), and high-density polyethylene (1522 umol·g<sup>−1</sup>·L<sup>−1</sup>). However, the analysis results based on one-way ANOVA showed that CO<sub>2</sub> emission was most significantly affected by soil properties rather than microplastics types. In comparison, the influencing factor on CH<sub>4</sub> production changed from soil types to the interaction between soil types and microplastics, and finally to the microplastics with the increase in incubation time. Further, by comparing CO<sub>2</sub> and CH<sub>4</sub> production and Global Warming Equivalent (GWE) affected by microplastics, freshwater ecosystems were more sensitive than saltwater. For all the soil types used in this study, high-density polyethylene had the greatest impact on CH<sub>4</sub> production potential. In conclusion, our study provided basic data for further understanding the effects of microplastics on soil greenhouse gas emissions from different sources.https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1796freshwater ecosystemcoastal ecosystemsoilmicroplasticsCO<sub>2</sub>CH<sub>4</sub> |
| spellingShingle | Xiaoyu Li Lirong Zhang Lifeng Zhou Jian Liu Meng Zhou Zhengyu Lin Min Luo Baohua Zhang Leilei Xiao Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems Atmosphere freshwater ecosystem coastal ecosystem soil microplastics CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub> |
| title | Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems |
| title_full | Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems |
| title_fullStr | Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems |
| title_full_unstemmed | Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems |
| title_short | Production Potential of Greenhouse Gases Affected by Microplastics at Freshwater and Saltwater Ecosystems |
| title_sort | production potential of greenhouse gases affected by microplastics at freshwater and saltwater ecosystems |
| topic | freshwater ecosystem coastal ecosystem soil microplastics CO<sub>2</sub> CH<sub>4</sub> |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2073-4433/13/11/1796 |
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