Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade
Venomic research, powered by techniques adapted from proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics, seeks to unravel the diversity and complexity of venom through which knowledge can be applied in the treatment of envenoming, biodiscovery, and conservation. Snake venom proteomics is most extensively stu...
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| Format: | Article |
| Language: | English |
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MDPI AG
2022-03-01
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| Series: | Toxins |
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| Online Access: | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/247 |
| _version_ | 1797434181824806912 |
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| author | Choo Hock Tan |
| author_facet | Choo Hock Tan |
| author_sort | Choo Hock Tan |
| collection | DOAJ |
| description | Venomic research, powered by techniques adapted from proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics, seeks to unravel the diversity and complexity of venom through which knowledge can be applied in the treatment of envenoming, biodiscovery, and conservation. Snake venom proteomics is most extensively studied, but the methods varied widely, creating a massive amount of information which complicates data comparison and interpretation. Advancement in mass spectrometry technology, accompanied by growing databases and sophisticated bioinformatic tools, has overcome earlier limitations of protein identification. The progress, however, remains challenged by limited accessibility to samples, non-standardized quantitative methods, and biased interpretation of -omic data. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable high-throughput venom-gland transcriptomics and genomics, complementing venom proteomics by providing deeper insights into the structural diversity, differential expression, regulation and functional interaction of the toxin genes. Venomic tissue sampling is, however, difficult due to strict regulations on wildlife use and transfer of biological materials in some countries. Limited resources for techniques and funding are among other pertinent issues that impede the progress of venomics, particularly in less developed regions and for neglected species. Genuine collaboration between international researchers, due recognition of regional experts by global organizations (e.g., WHO), and improved distribution of research support, should be embraced. |
| first_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:33Z |
| format | Article |
| id | doaj.art-d07bc3ad395f43028dd3478f21bdde67 |
| institution | Directory Open Access Journal |
| issn | 2072-6651 |
| language | English |
| last_indexed | 2024-03-09T10:28:33Z |
| publishDate | 2022-03-01 |
| publisher | MDPI AG |
| record_format | Article |
| series | Toxins |
| spelling | doaj.art-d07bc3ad395f43028dd3478f21bdde672023-12-01T21:29:40ZengMDPI AGToxins2072-66512022-03-0114424710.3390/toxins14040247Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next DecadeChoo Hock Tan0Venom Research and Toxicology Laboratory, Department of Pharmacology, Faculty of Medicine, University of Malaya, Kuala Lumpur 50603, MalaysiaVenomic research, powered by techniques adapted from proteomics, transcriptomics, and genomics, seeks to unravel the diversity and complexity of venom through which knowledge can be applied in the treatment of envenoming, biodiscovery, and conservation. Snake venom proteomics is most extensively studied, but the methods varied widely, creating a massive amount of information which complicates data comparison and interpretation. Advancement in mass spectrometry technology, accompanied by growing databases and sophisticated bioinformatic tools, has overcome earlier limitations of protein identification. The progress, however, remains challenged by limited accessibility to samples, non-standardized quantitative methods, and biased interpretation of -omic data. Next-generation sequencing (NGS) technologies enable high-throughput venom-gland transcriptomics and genomics, complementing venom proteomics by providing deeper insights into the structural diversity, differential expression, regulation and functional interaction of the toxin genes. Venomic tissue sampling is, however, difficult due to strict regulations on wildlife use and transfer of biological materials in some countries. Limited resources for techniques and funding are among other pertinent issues that impede the progress of venomics, particularly in less developed regions and for neglected species. Genuine collaboration between international researchers, due recognition of regional experts by global organizations (e.g., WHO), and improved distribution of research support, should be embraced.https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/247venomtoxinprotein decomplexationnext-generation sequencingproteomicstranscriptomics |
| spellingShingle | Choo Hock Tan Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade Toxins venom toxin protein decomplexation next-generation sequencing proteomics transcriptomics |
| title | Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade |
| title_full | Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade |
| title_fullStr | Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade |
| title_full_unstemmed | Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade |
| title_short | Snake Venomics: Fundamentals, Recent Updates, and a Look to the Next Decade |
| title_sort | snake venomics fundamentals recent updates and a look to the next decade |
| topic | venom toxin protein decomplexation next-generation sequencing proteomics transcriptomics |
| url | https://www.mdpi.com/2072-6651/14/4/247 |
| work_keys_str_mv | AT choohocktan snakevenomicsfundamentalsrecentupdatesandalooktothenextdecade |